Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, China.
Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Shanghai, China.
复制标题
中国上海犬猫隐孢子虫、比氏肠细胞虫和十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的基因型
DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1409-5
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Xiao L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xu H;Jin Y;Wu W;Li P;Wang L;Li N;Feng Y;Xiao L
关于伴侣动物在人类肠道病原体传播中的潜在作用存在争议。本研究对上海地区伴侣动物中隐孢子虫、双氏肠细胞虫和十二指肠贾第虫的基因型分布进行了调查，并对其人畜共患的可能性进行了评价。方法对485只狗和160只猫的粪便标本进行PCR检测，检测三种病原菌的发生情况和基因型分布。对PCR产物进行测序，确定其种类和基因型。采用χ2检验比较不同居住条件、不同年龄组感染率的差异。结果犬检出隐孢子虫39例（8.0%），布氏绦虫29例（6.0%），十二指肠棘球蚴127例（26.2%）；猫检出隐孢子虫6例（3.8%），布氏绦虫9例（5.6%），十二指肠棘球蚴21例（13.1%）。来自宠物店和诊所的狗的病原体感染率高于家庭犬，来自一个动物收容所的猫的病原体感染率高于来自宠物店的猫。各年龄组间感染率无显著差异。犬隐孢子虫和猫隐孢子虫分别是仅有的犬隐孢子虫和猫隐孢子虫。犬中以双氏肠细胞虫PtEb IX基因型为主，猫中以IV型和D基因型最为常见。在谷氨酸脱氢酶、β-栀子苷和三磷酸酯异构酶位点上的多位点序列分型显示，狗（家养狗中只有A）中存在十二指肠棘球菌组合A （n = 23）、B （n = 1）、C （n = 26）和D (n = 58)，猫（n = 2）中存在组合A （n = 2）、B （n = 6）、C （n = 2）、D （n = 1）和F （n = 7）。在24只狗和5只猫中发现了合并感染，特别是生活在拥挤环境中的狗和猫。结论生活条件是影响中国伴侣动物肠道原生生物发生的主要危险因素，虽然狗和猫可能是人类感染的潜在来源，但狗和猫之间病原体种类和基因型的不同分布表明，这些病原体在研究地区可能很少发生种间传播。
BackgroundControversies exist on the potential role of companion animals in the transmission of enteric pathogens in humans. This study was conducted to examine the genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Giardia duodenalis in companion animals in Shanghai, China, and to assess their zoonotic potential.MethodsFecal specimens from 485 dogs and 160 cats were examined for the occurrence and genotype distribution of the three pathogens by PCR. PCR products were sequenced to determine the species and genotypes. The χ2 test was used to compare differences in infection rates between living conditions or age groups.ResultsCryptosporidium spp., E. bieneusi and G. duodenalis were found in 39 (8.0 %), 29 (6.0 %) and 127 (26.2 %) of dogs, and 6 (3.8 %), 9 (5.6 %) and 21 (13.1 %) of cats, respectively. Infection rates of the pathogens in dogs from pet shops and a clinic were higher than those in household dogs, and higher in cats from one animal shelter than from pet shops. No significant differences in infection rates were detected among age groups. Cryptosporidium canis and C. felis were the only Cryptosporidium species found in dogs and cats, respectively. Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype PtEb IX was the dominant genotype in dogs, whereas Type IV and D were the most common ones in cats. Multi-locus sequence typing at the glutamate dehydrogenase, β-giardin, and triosephosphate isomerase loci revealed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblages A (n = 23), B (n = 1), C (n = 26), and D (n = 58) in dogs (only A in household dogs) and assemblages A (n = 2), B (n = 6), C (n = 2), D (n = 1), and F (n = 7) in cats. Co-infection was detected in 24 dogs and 5 cats, especially those living in crowded conditions.ConclusionsLiving condition is a major risk factor affecting the occurrence of enteric protists in companion animals in China, and although dogs and cats can be potential sources of human infections, the different distribution of pathogen species and genotypes between dogs and cats suggests that inter-species transmission of these pathogens is probably rare in the study area.