ASSESSING THE FOSSIL RECORD OF ASTERIDS IN THE CONTEXT OF OUR CURRENT PHYLOGENETIC FRAMEWORK
ASSESSING THE FOSSIL RECORD OF ASTERIDS IN THE CONTEXT OF OUR CURRENT PHYLOGENETIC FRAMEWORK
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DOI：
10.3417/2014033
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Zetter, Reinhard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manchester, Steven R.;Grimsson, Friogeir;Zetter, Reinhard
化石记录为Asteridae多样化和地理分布的重要事件的最小年龄提供了很好的证据，最早的例子可以追溯到晚白垩纪的Turonian阶段（类似于8900万年前[Ma]）。以前对小行星系统发育的研究中所接受的一些化石鉴定经不起仔细审查。然而，在小行星的主要分支中，有很好的证据表明存在一系列有用的锚点。在这里，我们提供了一个化石出现的概要，我们认为现代小行星科和属的可靠代表。此外，我们还提供了通过LM和SEM研究的化石分散花粉所记录的新例子，包括来自格陵兰岛、北美西部和中欧的古近系遗址的Loranthaceae、Amaranthaceae、Cornaceae（包括Nyssa L.、Mastixia Blume、Diplopanax Hand.-Mazz.）、sapotacae、Ebenaceae、Ericaceae、Icacinaceae、Oleaceae、Asteraceae、Araliaceae、Adoxaceae和Caprifoliaceae的代表植物。中国东北中新世中期至晚中新世的lamiiaceae和Asteraceae。我们强调，分散的花粉，以及巨化石和中化石数据，继续填补我们对古植物学记录的知识空白。
The fossil record provides good evidence for the minimum ages of important events in the diversification and geographic spread of Asteridae, with earliest examples extending back to the Turonian stage of the Late Cretaceous (similar to 89 million years ago [Ma]). Some of the fossil identifications accepted in previous considerations of asterid phylogeny do not stand up to careful scrutiny. Nevertheless, among major clades of asterids, there is good evidence for a range of useful anchor points. Here, we provide a synopsis of fossil occurrences that we consider reliable representatives of modern asterid families and genera. In addition, we provide new examples documented by fossil-dispersed pollen investigated by both LM and SEM studies including representatives of Loranthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Cornaceae (including Nyssa L., Mastixia Blume, Diplopanax Hand.-Mazz.), Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Ericaceae, Icacinaceae, Oleaceae, Asteraceae, Araliaceae, Adoxaceae, and Caprifoliaceae from Paleogene sites in Greenland, western North America, and central Europe, and of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae from the Middle to Late Miocene in northeastern China. We emphasize that dispersed pollen, taken along with megafossil and mesofossil data, continue to fill gaps in our knowledge of the paleobotanical record.