"A river without water": Hydropolitics and the River Jordan in Palestinian literature
"A river without water": Hydropolitics and the River Jordan in Palestinian literature
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“一条没有水的河流”：巴勒斯坦文学中的水政治和约旦河
DOI：
10.1177/0021989415626495
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Boast H
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文献类型：
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作者：
Boast H
在这篇文章中，我研究了约旦河和生态危机的代表性在最近的作品由巴勒斯坦最著名的两位作家：马哈茂德·达尔维什的诗“一条河死于干渴”，和穆里德·巴格什的回忆录我看到拉马拉。生态批评家很少关注这些作家的作品，或一般的巴勒斯坦文学;但环境是以色列人和巴勒斯坦人之间冲突的一个主要领域，约旦河的所有权是紧张局势的一个关键来源，经常在“水战争”的框架内讨论。由于污染和以色列将约旦河的大部分沃茨改道，约旦河目前处于高度退化状态。我研究的方式，其中Darwish和Barghouts描绘约旦的生态衰退的结果，巴勒斯坦人被剥夺和以色列占领，这表明，文字形成一个文学对应的巴勒斯坦活动家和团结团体的索赔Al Butmah和同事们称之为“环境Nakba”。特别是，我建立在特里西娅库萨克的工作，“河流景观”和民族主义，以绘制出的Darwish和Barghirs使用的不同策略，以表达约旦河的损失对巴勒斯坦社区的影响。虽然Darwish强调以色列耗尽河流的情感和社区后果，但在一首可以作为巴勒斯坦“纪念书籍”的环境类比的诗中，Bargholf强调了当今水文政治与不平衡发展之间的联系。最后，我对Darwish和Barghouts共同依赖以盗窃和所有权为中心的话语提出了警告，我认为，这最终促进了不可持续的用水。
In this article I examine the representation of the River Jordan and ecological crisis in recent works by two of Palestine’s best-known writers: the poem “A River Dies of Thirst” by Mahmoud Darwish, and Mourid Barghouti’s memoirI Saw Ramallah. Ecocritics have paid scant attention to these writers’ works, or to Palestinian literature in general; but the environment is a major domain of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians, and ownership of the River Jordan is a key source of tension, often discussed within the framework of “water wars”. The River Jordan is currently in a highly degraded state due to pollution and the diversion of most of its waters by Israel. I examine the ways in which Darwish and Barghouti portray the Jordan’s ecological decline as the outcome of Palestinian dispossession and Israeli occupation, suggesting that the texts form a literary counterpart to claims by Palestinian activists and solidarity groups of what Al Butmah and colleagues termed an “environmental Nakba”. In particular, I build on Tricia Cusack’s work on “riverscapes” and nationalism in order to draw out the different strategies used by both Darwish and Barghouti to express the impact of the loss of the River Jordan on Palestinian communities. While Darwish emphasizes the affective and communal consequences of Israel’s exhaustion of the river, in a poem which can be read as an environmental analogue to Palestinian “memorial books”, Barghouti stresses the links between hydropolitics and uneven development in the present day. I conclude with a caution about Darwish and Barghouti’s shared reliance on an anthropocentric discourse of theft and ownership, which, I argue, ultimately facilitates unsustainable water use.