Hormones as Mediators of Phenotypic and Genetic Integration: an Evolutionary Genetics Approach
Hormones as Mediators of Phenotypic and Genetic Integration: an Evolutionary Genetics Approach
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icw033
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Bonier, Frances
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, Robert M.;McGlothlin, Joel W.;Bonier, Frances
进化内分泌学是比较内分泌学和进化遗传学的综合。这种综合可以通过育种者方程来观察，育种者方程是数量遗传学的基石，在其单变量形式中，种群的进化反应是性状的遗传力和对该性状的选择的产物（R = h（2）S）。在这个框架下，进化内分泌学家已经开始量化各种激素表型的遗传力和选择强度。具体参考我们的工作，在鸟类和蜥蜴的睾酮和皮质酮，我们回顾这些研究，同时强调的挑战，将这个框架应用于激素表型，固有的塑料和介导的适应性反应，环境变化。接下来，我们考虑未开发的潜力，进化内分泌学作为一个框架，探索多变量版本的育种方程，强调激素在构建表型和遗传相关性的作用。作为表型整合和激素多效性的熟悉的概念的延伸，我们说明了一个人的激素环境如何作为一个局部环境的基因和表型的表达，从而影响多变量表型的定量遗传结构。我们强调，激素的基因型到表型的翻译机制的联系：凭借其对基因表达的多效性的影响，激素结构的基础遗传方差和协方差，决定人口的进化选择的反应。
Evolutionary endocrinology represents a synthesis between comparative endocrinology and evolutionary genetics. This synthesis can be viewed through the breeder's equation, a cornerstone of quantitative genetics that, in its univariate form, states that a population's evolutionary response is the product of the heritability of a trait and selection on that trait (R = h(2)S). Under this framework, evolutionary endocrinologists have begun to quantify the heritability of, and the strength of selection on, a variety of hormonal phenotypes. With specific reference to our work on testosterone and corticosterone in birds and lizards, we review these studies while emphasizing the challenges of applying this framework to hormonal phenotypes that are inherently plastic and mediate adaptive responses to environmental variation. Next, we consider the untapped potential of evolutionary endocrinology as a framework for exploring multivariate versions of the breeder's equation, with emphasis on the role of hormones in structuring phenotypic and genetic correlations. As an extension of the familiar concepts of phenotypic integration and hormonal pleiotropy, we illustrate how the hormonal milieu of an individual acts as a local environment for the expression of genes and phenotypes, thereby influencing the quantitative genetic architecture of multivariate phenotypes. We emphasize that hormones are more than mechanistic links in the translation of genotype to phenotype: by virtue of their pleiotropic effects on gene expression, hormones structure the underlying genetic variances and covariances that determine a population's evolutionary response to selection.