Policy formulation, governance shifts and policy influence: location and content in policy advisory systems
Policy formulation, governance shifts and policy influence: location and content in policy advisory systems
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DOI：
10.1017/s0143814x12000049
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Howlett, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craft, Jonathan;Howlett, Michael
大多数关于政策制定的研究侧重于向决策者提供的建议的性质和种类，并认为这源于一个由相互作用的要素组成的系统：“政策咨询系统”。这类模型中的政策影响力历来被视为基于政策顾问相对于政府的邻近位置的考虑，与政府能够控制建议来源的程度等相关因素有关。虽然没有明确说明，但这种方法通常将政策建议的内容呈现为党派“政治”或行政“技术”性质。本文根据治理安排转变的证据来评估这些区位模式的优点，这些转变模糊了政策制定环境的内部与外部以及技术与政治层面。它认为，越来越多的咨询来源和与这些治理转变相关的多中心主义挑战了传统政策咨询系统模式的隐含内容和地点层面的效用。一种经过修订的方法被提出，将影响力更多地视为内容的产物，而不是地点。文章最后提出了未来研究的几个假设，将咨询系统行为与治理安排联系起来。
Most studies of policy formulation focus on the nature and kind of advice provided to decision-makers and think of this as originating from a system of interacting elements: a "policy advisory system". Policy influence in such models has historically been viewed as based on considerations of the proximate location of policy advisors vis a vis the government, linked to related factors such as the extent to which governments are able to control sources of advice. While not explicitly stated, this approach typically presents the content of policy advice as either partisan "political" or administratively "technical" in nature. This article assesses the merits of these locational models against evidence of shifts in governance arrangements that have blurred both the inside vs outside and technical vs political dimensions of policy formulation environments. It argues that the growing plurality of advisory sources and the polycentrism associated with these governance shifts challenge the utility of both the implied content and locational dimensions of traditional models of policy advice systems. A revised approach is advanced that sees influence more as a product of content than location. The article concludes by raising several hypotheses for future research linking advisory system behaviour to governance arrangements.