Business Organization as a Coordination Problem: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Boundaries of the Firm
Business Organization as a Coordination Problem: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Boundaries of the Firm
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作为协调问题的商业组织：走向企业边界的动态理论
DOI：
10.4324/9780203199237.ch3
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Richand N. Langlois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richand N. Langlois
许多作家指出，自1873年以来，主流理论的主旨已经偏离了亚当·斯密和古典学的关注点[12]。这种“边际主义”或新古典主义理论的目的不是为了理解经济增长的源泉和财富的来源，而是为了分析已知和给定资源的配置。威廉·斯坦利·杰文斯 (William Stanley Jevons) 在他的《政治经济学理论》中 [11，第 14 页] 267]这样说吧。他写道：“在我看来，经济学问题可以这样表述：——给定一定数量的人口，他们具有不同的生产需求和能力，拥有一定的土地和其他物质来源：需要采用能够最大限度地提高产品效用的劳动力使用方式。”然而，即使在一开始，边际主义理论的关注点也远非同质[10]，奥地利学派和马歇尔学派都保留了许多经典的关注点，尽管方式略有不同。无论如何，新古典经济学逐渐包含了许多不同的变体，每一个变体都可以说指向了不同的关注点。瓦尔拉斯系统为一个抽象逻辑问题提供了答案，但人们可能会质疑其普遍相关性。但“MarshallJan”比较静态学——本身只是马歇尔著作的一个方面——旨在回答一些非常重要的问题：短期内边界条件的外生变化如何影响相对孤立市场中价格和数量（供给和需求）的变化方向[26]？这是商业历史学家感兴趣的一系列问题吗？可以说，
Many writers have noted that, since 1873, the main thrust of mainstream theory has shifted away from the concerns of Adam Smith and the classicals [12]. This "marginalist" or neoclassical theory was designed not to understand the springs of economic growth and the sources of wealth but rather to analyze the allocation of known and given resources. In his Theory of Political Economy, William Stanley Jevons [11, p. 267] put the matter this way. "The problem of economics," he wrote, "may, as it seems to me, be stated thus: -- Given, a certain population, with various needs and powers of production, in possession of certain lands and other sources of material: required, the mode of employing their labour which will maximize the utility of the produce." Even at the start, however, marginalist theory was far from homogeneous in its concerns [10], and both the Austrian and Marshallian streams retained, albeit in slightly different ways, many of the classical preoccupations. In any case, neoclassical economics grew to encompass a number of distinct variations, each arguably pointing at a different set of concerns. The Walrasian system poses an answer to an abstract logical problem whose general relevance one may question. But "MarshallJan" comparative statics -- itself only one aspect of Marshall's opus -- was designed to answer some quite important questions: how in the short run do exogenous changes in boundary conditions affect the direction of change in price and quantity (supplied and demanded) in relatively isolated markets [26]? Is this the set of questions that interest business historians? Arguably,