The Need for Governance of Climate Geoengineering
The Need for Governance of Climate Geoengineering
复制标题
气候地球工程治理的必要性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Pásztor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Pásztor
摘要将全球气温上升控制在比工业化前水平高1.5-2摄氏度的范围内，单靠缓解措施看起来越来越不可能。尽管增加对不可避免的气候影响的适应将是必要的，但一种新的现实主义正在悄悄进入气候辩论。越来越多的科学家正在提出地球工程技术，以解决预期的短缺问题，既可以通过去除二氧化碳，也可能通过太阳辐射管理。但这两种方法都带来了风险，并构成了重大的治理挑战，可能会以不同的方式影响不同的社区。随着地球工程学走向主流，是时候将治理置于未来讨论的核心，并将辩论范围从学术界扩大到政府、条约机构、信仰团体和民间组织。卡内基气候地球工程治理倡议是促进这一对话的一项重大新努力，将来自广泛社会、地理和专业背景的参与者聚集在一起。它认为，政策制定者需要采取道德风险管理方法，并从持续的研究中获得信息。应该如何解决跨国界和跨世代的伦理问题？治理框架将如何抵御地缘政治变化？我们可以在现有国际条约和机构的基础上继续发展，还是需要新的国际条约和机构？最紧迫的是，鉴于目前在平流层开始实验的计划，应该如何管理太阳能工程的进一步研究？在地球工程学的世界里，谁控制着“全球恒温器”？
Abstract Keeping global temperature rise to within 1.5–2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels is looking increasingly unlikely through mitigation alone. While increased adaptation to inevitable climate impacts will be necessary, a new realism is creeping into the climate debate. A growing number of scientists are proposing geoengineering technologies to deal with the expected shortfall, both through carbon dioxide removal and possibly through solar radiation management. But both approaches bring risks and pose significant governance challenges, and would likely affect different communities in different ways. As geoengineering moves mainstream, it is time to put governance at the heart of future discussion, and to broaden the debate from academia to governments, treaty bodies, faith groups, and civic organizations. The Carnegie Climate Geoengineering Governance Initiative is a major new effort to catalyze this conversation, bringing together players from a wide range of social, geographical, and professional backgrounds. It argues that policymakers need to take an ethical risk management approach, informed by continued research. How should transborder and transgenerational ethical issues be addressed? How will governance frameworks withstand geopolitical change? Can we build on existing international treaties and institutions, or do we need new ones? And most immediately, how should further research on solar engineering be governed—given current plans to start experiments in the stratosphere? In a geoengineered world, who controls the “global thermostat”?