Biosynthesis of coumarins in plants: a major pathway still to be unravelled for cytochrome P450 enzymes
Biosynthesis of coumarins in plants: a major pathway still to be unravelled for cytochrome P450 enzymes
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DOI：
10.1007/s11101-006-9040-2
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Matern, U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bourgaud, F.;Hehn, A.;Matern, U.
香豆素（1,2-苯并吡喃酮）在高等植物中普遍存在，它们起源于苯丙素途径。它们对植物的持久性起着至关重要的作用，这些过程包括抵御植物病原体、对非生物胁迫的反应、氧化应激的调节以及可能的激素调节。尽管它们很重要，但它们的生物合成的主要细节在很大程度上仍然未知，许多依赖p450的酶促步骤仍未解决。羟基肉桂酸的邻羟基化是一个关键步骤，在文献中没有得到足够的重视。这种假设的P450反应对于植物中简单香豆素、伞形草酮和其他羟基香豆素的生物合成过程至关重要。多种P450酶也参与呋喃香豆素的合成，呋喃香豆素是一类从伞形草酮中提取的植物抗毒素。其中一些已在生化水平上被鉴定，但呋喃香豆素途径的单加氧酶基因尚未被鉴定。本文综述了香豆素途径的主要步骤，重点介绍了所涉及的细胞色素P450酶。讨论了揭示香豆素承诺CYPs的新策略的最新进展和结果。
Coumarins (1,2-benzopyrones) are ubiquitously found in higher plants where they originate from the phenylpropanoid pathway. They contribute essentially to the persistence of plants being involved in processes such as defense against phytopathogens, response to abiotic stresses, regulation of oxidative stress, and probably hormonal regulation. Despite their importance, major details of their biosynthesis are still largely unknown and many P450-dependent enzymatic steps have remained unresolved. Ortho-hydroxylation of hydroxycinnamic acids is a pivotal step that has received insufficient attention in the literature. This hypothetical P450 reaction is critical for the course for the biosynthesis of simple coumarin, umbelliferone and other hydroxylated coumarins in plants. Multiple P450 enzymes are also involved in furanocoumarin synthesis, a major class of phytoalexins derived from umbelliferone. Several of them have been characterized at the biochemical level but no monooxygenase gene of the furanocoumarin pathway has been identified yet. This review highlights the major steps of the coumarin pathway with emphasis on the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved. Recent progress and the outcomes of novel strategies developed to uncover coumarin-committed CYPs are discussed.