Contesting the Past: Hero Cult, Tomb Cult, and Epic in Early Greece
Contesting the Past: Hero Cult, Tomb Cult, and Epic in Early Greece
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与过去较量：希腊早期的英雄崇拜、墓穴崇拜和史诗
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
C. Antonaccio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Antonaccio
希腊英雄崇拜已被考古学家和语言学家广泛讨论。本文考虑了两种当前的假设：其一是将公元前八世纪英雄崇拜的发展与荷马诗歌的流通联系起来；其二是将公元前八世纪英雄崇拜的发展与荷马诗歌的流通联系起来。另一种观点认为，英雄崇拜是新兴城邦背景下对祖先崇拜的一种转变。对铁器时代和早期古风时期考古证据的回顾表明，考古记录中最早的英雄崇拜出现在八世纪的斯巴达。早期英雄崇拜的数量及其地点和分布并不支持荷马影响理论。另一方面，在整个铁器时代，希腊世界广泛实行对祖先的崇拜。它并没有随着城邦和英雄崇拜的出现而消失。祖先崇拜和英雄崇拜不是一个单一的、统一的概念，而是阐述了过去的不同版本。冲突或竞争的概念，无论是仪式还是史诗，都有助于在社区内部和社区之间辩论过去。与其他地方一样，在希腊，这场辩论有助于在文化决定的规则框架内调解社会变革。
Greek hero cult has been extensively discussed by both archaeologists and philologists. This paper considers two current hypotheses: one links the development of hero cult in the eighth century B. C. with the circulation of Homeric poetry; the other views hero cult as a transformation of ancestral veneration in the context of the emergent polis. A review of the archaeological evidence for the Iron Age and Early Archaic period suggests that the earliest hero cult in the archaeological record emerged at Sparta during the eighth century. The small number of early hero cults, and their location and distribution, do not lend support to the theory of Homeric influence. Veneration of ancestors, on the other hand, was practiced widely in the Greek world throughout the Iron Age; it did not disappear with the emergence of the polis and hero cult. Rather than a single, unified concept, ancestral and hero cult articulated different versions of the past. Conflicting or competing concepts, both ritual and epic, serve to debate the past within and between communities. In Greece, as elsewhere, the debate helps to mediate social change within a framework of culturally determined rules.