Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS
Drugs of Abuse, Immune Modulation, and AIDS
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DOI：
10.1007/s11481-006-9023-5
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发表时间：
2006-09-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Cabral, Guy A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cabral, Guy A.
在体外和实验动物模型中，安非他明、可卡因、大麻和鸦片类药物等非法药物会改变免疫功能，降低宿主对微生物的抵抗力。对免疫系统的影响可能是药物在中枢神经系统(CNS)相互作用的间接结果，也可能是通过激活各种免疫细胞上的同源受体而直接介导的。对于大麻和阿片类药物，已经在中枢神经系统和免疫系统中发现了七个跨膜G蛋白偶联受体，它们可能在免疫调节中发挥功能相关的作用。越来越多的证据表明，Sigma(1)受体在可卡因介导的免疫反应改变中发挥了类似的作用。这些外来物质影响免疫和宿主抵抗力的一种方式可能是通过扰乱Th-1促炎因子和Th-2抗炎细胞因子和脂质生物效应物的平衡。然而，虽然非法药物在体外和动物模型中被证明可以改变免疫功能，但很少有受控的纵向流行病学研究明确地将免疫抑制效应与人类感染或免疫紊乱的发病率增加相关，包括感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)或疾病进展为艾滋病。
Illicit drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine, marijuana, and opiates alter immune function and decrease host resistance to microbes in vitro and in experimental animal models. Effects on the immune system may be mediated indirectly as a result of drug interactions in the central nervous system (CNS) or directly through activation of cognate receptors on various immune cell types. For marijuana and opioids, seven-transmembranal G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the CNS and in the immune system that may play a functionally relevant role in immune modulation. There is accumulating evidence that sigma(1) receptors play a comparable role in cocaine-mediated alteration of immune responses. A mode by which these exogenously introduced substances affects immunity and host resistance may be by perturbing the balance of Th-1 proinflammatory versus Th-2 anti-inflammatory cytokines and lipid bioeffectors. However, while illicit drugs have been documented to alter immune functions in vitro and in animal models, there is a paucity of controlled longitudinal epidemiological studies that definitively correlate immunosuppressive effects with increased incidence of infections or immune disorders in humans, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or disease progression to AIDS.