Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon: Sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis
Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon: Sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis
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量化和表征溶解有机碳的挑战：采样、分离、存储和分析
DOI：
10.1002/jeq2.20392
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Cheah, Wing‐Yee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chow, Alex Tat‐Shing;Ulus, Yener;Huang, Guocheng;Kline, Michael Alan;Cheah, Wing‐Yee
尽管分析技术有了进步，但准确有效地定量和表征环境样品中的溶解有机碳(DOC)仍然是一个巨大的挑战和困难。本综述文件的目的是(A)了解DOC在水连续统中的作用和变异性；(B)确定DOC表征中的限制、不一致、限制和伪影；以及(C)提供建议和评论，以提高分析的准确性。对于第一个目标，我们总结了DOC在从水源水到市政设施的水连续体中的四个生态和工程作用，包括营养和能源、控制微污染物的命运、缓冲能力以及消毒副产物的可处理性和前体。我们还讨论了DOC分析中的三个主要挑战，包括时空变化，降解性和稳定性，以及未知的结构和公式。对于第二个目标，我们回顾了DOC分析的程序和步骤，包括在不同环境基质中的采样，DOC组分的分离，储存和保存技术，以及总体化学特征的分析。我们列出并讨论可用的选项，并评估每个选项的优缺点。最后，我们对采样、分离、储存和分析各个阶段提出了建议和意见。
Despite the advancements in analytical techniques, there are still great challenges and difficulties in accurately and effectively quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in environmental samples. The objectives of this review paper are (a) to understand the roles and variability of DOC along the water continuum; (b) to identify the constraints, inconsistences, limitations, and artifacts in DOC characterization; and (c) to provide recommendations and remarks to improve the analytical accuracy. For the first objective, we summarize the four ecological and engineering roles of DOC along the water continuum from source water to municipal utility, including nutrients and energy sources, controlling the fates of micropollutants, buffering capacity, and treatability and precursors of disinfection byproducts. We also discuss three major challenges in DOC analysis, including spatial and temporal variations, degradability and stability, and unknown structures and formulas. For the second objective, we review the procedures and steps in DOC analysis, including sampling in diverse environmental matrices, isolation of DOC fraction, storage and preservation techniques, and analyses on bulk chemical characteristics. We list and discuss the available options and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each choice. Last, we provide recommendations and remarks for each stage: sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis.