Adult neurogenesis and the memories of drug addiction
Adult neurogenesis and the memories of drug addiction
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DOI：
10.1007/s00406-007-0730-6
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Canales, Juan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Canales, Juan J.
过去十年积累的证据表明，精神活性物质会对成人海马体的神经发生产生负面影响，这为药物成瘾的神经生物学提供了新的见解。通过各种实验方法和治疗，精神运动兴奋剂、阿片类药物、酒精和迷幻化合物等药物已被证明可以改变成体神经发生的一个或多个方面，包括祖细胞增殖率、新生成细胞的存活率以及细胞表型的成熟和获得。这一证据虽然从神经毒理学的角度来看很重要，但在现阶段的研究中不能明确地与药物依赖过程联系起来。吸毒成瘾是一个复杂的反复过程，涉及吸毒的获得和维持，然后是戒毒、戒断和最终再次吸毒。成人海马神经发生对这些过程中每一个过程的具体贡献尚未确定。尽管如此，海马一方面在陈述性记忆和情境记忆的存储和检索中的作用，另一方面在情绪和情感的调节中的作用，为进一步探索出生后海马神经发生和成瘾行为之间的相互关系提供了肥沃的土壤。
Evidence accumulated in the last decade indicating that psychoactive substances negatively influence neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus has provided new insights into the neurobiology of drug addiction. Using a variety of experimental approaches and treatments, drugs such as psychomotor stimulants, opioids, alcohol and psychedelic compounds have been shown to alter one or several aspects of adult neurogenesis, including the rate of progenitor proliferation, the survival of newly generated cells, and the maturation and acquisition of cellular phenotype. This evidence, though critical from a neurotoxicological standpoint, cannot be linked unambiguously to the process of drug dependence at this stage of research. Drug addiction is a complex recurrent process involving the acquisition and maintenance of drug taking, followed by detoxification, abstinence and eventual relapse to drug seeking. The specific contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis to each of these processes is yet to be determined. This notwithstanding, the suggested role of the hippocampus in the storage and retrieval of declarative and contextual memories on the one hand, and in the regulation of mood and affect on the other, provides a fertile ground for further exploring the mutual relationships between postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and addictive behaviours.