Fracton phases of matter
Fracton phases of matter
复制标题
DOI：
10.1142/s0217751x20300033
复制
发表时间：
2020-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
M. Pretko;Xie Chen;Yizhi You
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Pretko;Xie Chen;Yizhi You
分数子是一种新的准粒子，它孤立地不动，但通常可以通过形成束缚态来运动。分数子存在于各种物理环境中，如自旋液体和弹性理论，并表现出不寻常的现象，如引力物理和局域化。在过去的几年里，人们对这些奇异粒子的兴趣激增，它们已经成为现代凝聚态理论的前沿。在这篇综述中，我们提供了一个广泛的处理分数，从教学入门材料到讨论该领域的最新进展。我们首先演示分数子现象是如何作为高矩守恒定律的结果自然产生的，通常伴随着张量规范理论的出现。然后，我们提供了自旋模型中分相的调查，以及用于表征它们的各种工具，如叶理框架。详细讨论了分形物理在弹性理论中的表现，以及分形与局域化和引力的关系。最后，我们概述了最近提出的一些分形物理平台，如马约拉纳岛和空穴掺杂反铁磁体。最后，我们提出了一些悬而未决的问题和对该领域的展望。
Fractons are a new type of quasiparticle which are immobile in isolation, but can often move by forming bound states. Fractons are found in a variety of physical settings, such as spin liquids and elasticity theory, and exhibit unusual phenomenology, such as gravitational physics and localization. The past several years have seen a surge of interest in these exotic particles, which have come to the forefront of modern condensed matter theory. In this review, we provide a broad treatment of fractons, ranging from pedagogical introductory material to discussions of recent advances in the field. We begin by demonstrating how the fracton phenomenon naturally arises as a consequence of higher moment conservation laws, often accompanied by the emergence of tensor gauge theories. We then provide a survey of fracton phases in spin models, along with the various tools used to characterize them, such as the foliation framework. We discuss in detail the manifestation of fracton physics in elasticity theory, as well as the connections of fractons with localization and gravitation. Finally, we provide an overview of some recently proposed platforms for fracton physics, such as Majorana islands and hole-doped antiferromagnets. We conclude with some open questions and an outlook on the field.