Life cycle environmental impacts of carbonated soft drinks
Life cycle environmental impacts of carbonated soft drinks
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11367-012-0459-y
复制
发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Azapagic, Adisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amienyo, David;Gujba, Haruna;Azapagic, Adisa
2010 年，英国碳酸饮料行业价值 8 亿英镑，并以每年 4.9% 的速度增长。为了更好地了解该行业的环境影响，本文首次介绍了英国制造和消费的碳酸软饮料的整个生命周期影响。考虑两个功能单位：1 升包装饮料和英国碳酸饮料的年总产量。后者已用于估计部门层面的影响。系统边界是从“摇篮到坟墓”。考虑了碳酸饮料使用的不同包装：玻璃瓶（0.75升）、铝罐（0.33升）和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）瓶（0.5升和2升）。该研究是按照ISO 14040/44生命周期评估（LCA）方法进行的。数据来自一家饮料制造商以及 CCaLC、Ecoinvent 和 Gabi 数据库。 LCA软件工具CCaLC v2.0和GaBi 4.3已用于LCA建模。环境影响已根据CML 2001 方法进行了估算。包装是大多数环境影响的主要热点，占59% 至77%。成分占7%~14%，主要是糖分；制造阶段贡献了 5-10%，主要是由于填充和包装的能源。在零售商处冷藏饮料会使全球变暖的可能性增加高达 33%。交通运输对总影响的影响高达 7%。对于大多数影响（包括碳足迹）而言，2 升 PET 瓶包装的饮料是最可持续的选择，而玻璃瓶装的饮料是最差的选择。然而，重复使用玻璃瓶 3 次，玻璃瓶饮料的碳足迹将与铝罐和 0.5 升 PET 瓶的碳足迹相当。如果 PET 瓶的回收率提高到 60%，则玻璃瓶需要重复使用 20 次才能使其碳足迹具有可比性。行业层面的估计表明，英国的碳酸饮料排放了超过 150 万吨二氧化碳当量。每年的排放量。这占整个食品和饮料行业温室气体排放量的 13%，即 2010 年英国总排放量的 0.26%。
The UK carbonated drinks sector was worth A 8 pound billion in 2010 and is growing at an annual rate of 4.9 %. In an attempt to provide a better understanding of the environmental impacts of this sector, this paper presents, for the first time, the full life cycle impacts of carbonated soft drinks manufactured and consumed in the UK. Two functional units are considered: 1 l of packaged drink and total annual production of carbonated drinks in the UK. The latter has been used to estimate the impacts at the sectoral level. The system boundary is from 'cradle to grave'. Different packaging used for carbonated drinks is considered: glass bottles (0.75 l), aluminium cans (0.33 l) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles (0.5 and 2 l).The study has been carried out following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Data have been sourced from a drink manufacturer as well as the CCaLC, Ecoinvent and Gabi databases. The LCA software tools CCaLC v2.0 and GaBi 4.3 have been used for LCA modelling. The environmental impacts have been estimated according to the CML 2001 method.Packaging is the main hotspot for most environmental impacts, contributing between 59 and 77 %. The ingredients account between 7 and 14 % mainly due to sugar; the manufacturing stage contributes 5-10 %, largely due to the energy for filling and packaging. Refrigeration of the drink at retailer increases global warming potential by up to 33 %. Transport contributes up to 7 % to the total impacts.The drink packaged in 2 l PET bottles is the most sustainable option for most impacts, including the carbon footprint, while the drink in glass bottles is the worst option. However, reusing glass bottles three times would make the carbon footprint of the drink in glass bottles comparable to that in aluminium cans and 0.5 l PET bottles. If recycling of PET bottles is increased to 60 %, the glass bottle would need to be reused 20 times to make their carbon footprints comparable. The estimates at the sectoral level indicate that the carbonated drinks in the UK are responsible for over 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 eq. emissions per year. This represented 13 % of the GHG emissions from the whole food and drink sector or 0.26 % of the UK total emissions in 2010.