"Kiss-and-Run" exocytosis in astrocytes
"Kiss-and-Run" exocytosis in astrocytes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/1073858406291588
复制
发表时间：
2006-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhou, Zhuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Xiao-Ke;Xiong, Ying-Fei;Zhou, Zhuan
神经元和神经胶质是神经系统的主要细胞成分。虽然神经胶质细胞的数量是神经元的10倍，但直到最近，它们被认为是被动的细胞，通过从突触中吸收使用过的神经递质来监测和支持活跃的神经元。在过去的几年里，这一概念受到了以下发现的挑战：在纯培养的星形胶质细胞中，Ca 2+波通过Ca 2+和SNARE（可溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感因子附着蛋白受体）依赖性胶质递质释放从一个星形胶质细胞传播到另一个星形胶质细胞，这提高了胶质细胞并不像以前认为的那样被动的可能性。最近的两篇报道进一步推进了这一假设，这两篇报道表明星形胶质细胞通过囊泡胞吐作用释放谷氨酸以响应刺激。单个囊泡胞吐的动力学与其神经等效物不同，因为在对生理刺激的反应中，胶质递质释放仅以“吻和跑”的模式进行。“这些进展是通过新的单囊泡记录技术实现的，这里也将简要回顾。
Neurons and glia are the principal cellular components of the nervous system. Although the glia are 10 times more numerous than neurons, until recently they were thought to be passive cells that monitor and support the active neurons by taking up used neurotransmitters from the synapses. In the past few years, this concept has been challenged by the findings that Ca2+ waves spread from one astrocyte to another via Ca2+- and SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor)-dependent gliotransmitter release in pure cultures of astrocytes, raising the possibility that glia are not so passive as previously thought. This hypothesis was further advanced by two recent reports, which demonstrated that astrocytes release glutamate via vesicular exocytosis in response to stimuli. The kinetics of single vesicle exocytosis is distinct from its neural equivalent, because in response to physiological stimulation, gliotransmitter release is exclusively in the mode of "kiss and run." These advances were made possible by newly available techniques for single vesicle recordings, which will also be briefly reviewed here.