Review of microbial zoonoses in slaughterhouses and identified potential critical risk points along red meat processing chain in Nigeria.
Review of microbial zoonoses in slaughterhouses and identified potential critical risk points along red meat processing chain in Nigeria.
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DOI：
10.1079/pavsnnr201712058
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fasina, F. O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fasanmi, O. G.;Balogun, F. A.;Fasina, F. O.
屠宰场是动物疾病暴发的重要信息来源，也是肉源性人畜共患病传播的环境，可能对公众健康和食品安全构成重大威胁。这项研究旨在确定常见的屠宰场人畜共患病、地理分布及其在尼日利亚各地传播的风险因素；并评估屠宰场人畜共患病在人和屠宰动物中的流行估计。根据既定标准对区域数据库进行系统搜索，得到了47篇经过严格审查的相关文章，以找到支持研究目的的最佳可用证据。所有涉及尼日利亚六个地缘政治区域的出版物都对致病微生物进行了确认性诊断。结果产生了11个人和53个屠宰动物的屠宰场人兽共患病的病原菌和人类感染的专性病原体。由于感染或污染，它们构成细菌(68.2%)、蠕虫(21.2%)、病毒(6%)和原虫(4.6%)。随着研究的进展，屠宰场人畜共患病的发病率有增加的趋势；从2001年到2016年，屠宰场人畜共患病病例也随着屠宰动物发病率的增加而相应增加。已确定的人类屠宰场人畜共患病的一些风险因素包括：有开放性伤口的屠宰者、职业接触超过5年以及食用生肉。由于职业危害，屠宰场工人接触屠宰场人畜共患病的风险更高；此外，消费者对肉类的选择与肉类的类型有很大关系。尼日利亚存在屠宰场人畜共患病，但通过适当的肉类检查、改善卫生和提高风险意识和避免意识，可以减少这种疾病的发生、传播和流行。屠宰场是红肉加工链上发生污染的关键地点。考虑到尼日利亚人畜共患病和食源性疾病的发病率很高，对2001至2016年间尼日利亚的科学出版物进行了搜索，并对谷歌学者、非洲在线期刊、PubMed和ResearchGate的数据库和储存库进行了搜索和过滤；检索的关键词是屠宰场/屠宰场、微生物、肉源性疾病、人畜共患病。根据食品法典委员会的规范和尼日利亚屠宰场的运营经验，建立了屠宰场流程图。这项搜索的结果产生了30篇文章；确定了加工链上的潜在污染点和关键控制点(CCP)，并用相关参考文献加以证实。90%的过滤物品是细菌性人畜共患病；分类为腹泻和非腹泻引起的。唯一公布的屠宰场人畜共患病个案为甲型及乙型猪流感，在屠宰场及屠宰场的红肉加工链上，分别发现9宗及12宗潜在危险/风险及干预点，并有相关参考资料支持。必须改善养殖场和屠宰场的牲畜健康，在红肉加工链中不得超过CCP的临界限值，并应颁布和执行必要的卫生和环境法律。
Abattoirs are major sources of valuable information for animal disease outbreaks, but also an environment for transmission of meat-borne zoonoses, which may constitute a major threat to public health and food safety. This study aims to identify common abattoir zoonoses, the geographic distribution and the risk factors predisposing to their spread across Nigeria; and also to evaluate the prevalence estimates of abattoir zoonoses in human and slaughter animals. A systematic search of regional databases based on set criteria, yielded 47 relevant articles scrutinized critically to find the best available evidences to support the study purpose. All the publications which cut across the six geo-political regions of Nigeria carried out confirmatory diagnosis of the causative organisms. The results yielded 11 human and 53 slaughter animal causal organisms of abattoir zoonoses and obligate pathogens of human infections. They constitute bacterial (68.2%), helminths (21.2%), viral (6%) and protozoan (4.6%) due to infection or contamination. There was an increasing trend in occurrence of abattoir zoonoses as the year of studies progressed; also there were corresponding increase in human cases of abattoir zoonoses as the occurrence in slaughter animals' increased from 2001 to 2016. Some risk factors identified for the human abattoir zoonoses include; butchers with open wounds, occupational exposure of greater than 5 years and consumption of raw meat. Abattoir workers are at higher risk of being exposed to abattoir zoonoses due to occupational hazards; also consumer's choice of meat is significantly associated with the type of meat. Abattoir zoonoses exist in Nigeria, but the occurrence, spread and prevalence can be mitigated through proper meat inspection, improved hygiene and creating greater awareness of risks and avoidance.Slaughterhouses are key locations where contamination occurs along the processing chain of red meat. Bearing in mind that there are high levels of zoonotic and food-borne diseases in Nigeria, a search was conducted, with the exploration and filtration of databases and repositories of Google Scholars, African Journal Online, PubMed and ResearchGate, for scientific publications in Nigeria between 2001 and 2016; slaughterhouse/abattoir, microbial, meat-borne diseases, zoonoses, Nigeria are the search words. Abattoir flow chart was also built based on the specifications of Codex Alimentarius Commission and slaughterhouse operation experience in Nigeria. The results of this search yielded 30 articles; the potential points of contaminations and critical control points (CCP) along the processing chain were identified and substantiated with relevant references. 90% of the articles filtered are bacterial zoonoses; classified into diarrhoea and non-diarrhoea causing. The only viral abattoir zoonoses published are Swine influenza types A and B. Nine and 12 potential hazard/risk and intervention points were identified along the processing chain of red meat for slaughter slab and abattoir, respectively; and were substantiated with relevant references. Improvement in livestock health from the farms and slaughterhouse hygiene are necessary, critical limits of CCP must not be exceeded in red meat processing chain; and necessary hygiene and environmental laws should be promulgated and enforced.