What Do Animal Studies Tell Us about the Mechanism of Myopia-Protection by Light?
What Do Animal Studies Tell Us about the Mechanism of Myopia-Protection by Light?
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DOI：
10.1097/opx.0000000000000917
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Norton TT
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作者：
Norton TT
人体研究提供了强有力的证据，表明暴露在户外可以预防近视的发生。一个原因可能是室外的光照水平(30,000-130,000勒克斯)远远高于室内的光照水平(通常低于500勒克斯)。使用动物模型进行的研究发现，暴露在低照度(50勒克斯)下的正常动物会患上近视。由单眼形觉剥夺在动物身上产生的近视和轴向延长，在15,000-25,000范围内的光照水平下会减少。负度镜引起的近视似乎受到的影响较小，可能是因为这种镜片为正视化机制提供了一个强大的靶点。动物研究表明，提高光照水平可能通过增加视网膜的多巴胺活性来发挥作用，可能是通过D2受体途径，改变视网膜的基因表达，减少产生轴向伸长的信号。
Human studies have provided strong evidence that exposure to time outdoors is protective against the onset of myopia. A causal factor may be that the light levels outdoors (30,000 – 130,000 lux) are much higher than light levels indoors (typically less than 500 lux). Studies using animal models have found that normal animals exposed to low illuminance levels (50 lux) can develop myopia. The myopia and axial elongation, produced in animals by monocular form deprivation, is reduced by light levels in the 15,000–25,000 range. Myopia induced with a negative-power lens seems less affected, perhaps because the lens provides a powerful target for the emmetropization mechanism. Animal studies suggest that raising the light levels may have their effect by increasing retinal dopamine activity, probably via the D2 receptor pathway, altering gene expression in the retina and reducing the signals that produce axial elongation.