Federal and State Public Forest Administration in the New Millennium: Revisiting Herbert Kaufman’s The Forest Ranger
Federal and State Public Forest Administration in the New Millennium: Revisiting Herbert Kaufman’s The Forest Ranger
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新千年的联邦和州公共森林管理局：重温赫伯特·考夫曼的《护林员》
DOI：
10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00704.x
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
T. Koontz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Koontz
赫伯特·考夫曼 (Herbert Kaufman) 1960 年对联邦护林员的调查为行政自由裁量权、机构文化和自然资源政策制定提供了重要见解。随后对林务局管理的研究记录了该机构随时间的变化，反映了联邦公共管理的广泛变化。但人们对国家林业局知之甚少。本文介绍了对 48 个州林业机构一线官员的调查结果以及州林业法规分析。结果表明，州与联邦在法律约束、公民互动和森林管理者本身方面存在系统性差异。尽管这些差异促进了国家管理者基于专业知识的决策，但它们并不鼓励将利益相关者的观点纳入机构政策制定中，也不会产生代表不同选民的官僚机构。州立森林管理者认为，他们的专业判断力面临着巨大的外部挑战，但州立森林机构是否会变得更加类似于联邦森林机构，还有待观察。
Herbert Kaufman’s 1960 investigation of federal forest rangers provided important insights into administrative discretion, agency culture, and natural resource policy making. Subsequent studies of Forest Service administration have documented that agency’s change over time, mirroring broad changes in federal public administration. But little is known about state forest administration. This article describes results from a survey of line officers in 48 state forest agencies, as well as state forest statute analysis. Results indicate systematic state–federal differences in legal constraints, citizen interactions, and the forest administrators themselves. Though these differences foster state administrator decision making based on professional expertise, they do not encourage the incorporation of stakeholder views into agency policy making, nor do they yield a bureaucracy that represents a diverse constituency. State forest administrators perceive substantial external challenges to their professional discretion, but it remains to be seen whether state forest agencies will change to more closely resemble their federal counterpart.