Mitigating the impact of oil‐palm monoculture on freshwater fishes in Southeast Asia
Mitigating the impact of oil‐palm monoculture on freshwater fishes in Southeast Asia
复制标题
减轻油棕单一种植对东南亚淡水鱼类的影响
DOI：
10.1111/cobi.12483
复制
发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
D. Wilcove
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
X. Giam;R. Hadiaty;H. Tan;L. Parenti;D. Wowor;Sopian Sauri;K. Chong;D. Yeo;D. Wilcove
人类活动导致的土地覆盖变化正在推动全球生物多样性的丧失。这场危机的中心是东南亚，那里生物多样性丰富的森林正在被转化为油棕单一种植。随着棕榈油需求的增加，迫切需要找到维持种植园生物多样性的战略。以前的研究发现，保留人工林内的森林斑块有利于一些陆生类群，但不是其他人。然而，没有研究集中在水生类群，如鱼类，尽管它们对人类福祉的重要性。我们通过对印度尼西亚加里曼丹中部油棕种植园的溪流鱼类群落进行采样，评估了森林河岸保护区在保护油棕单一种植中淡水鱼类生物多样性方面的有效性。森林河岸保护区保持了转换前当地鱼类物种丰富度和功能多样性。与此相反，当地和总的物种丰富度，生物量和功能多样性显着下降，在流没有河岸保护区。从机制上讲，河岸保护区似乎增加了当地的物种丰富度，增加落叶覆盖和保持粗糙的基板。专门研究落叶和粗基质的鱼类的损失降低了功能多样性，改变了缺乏河岸保护区的油棕种植园溪流的群落组成。因此，土地共享战略，包括保留森林河岸保护区可能会保持生态完整性的鱼类群落在油棕种植园。我们敦促政策制定者和种植者在油棕种植园中保留河岸储备，我们鼓励棕榈油购买者只从采用这种做法的种植园采购棕榈油。
Anthropogenic land‐cover change is driving biodiversity loss worldwide. At the epicenter of this crisis lies Southeast Asia, where biodiversity‐rich forests are being converted to oil‐palm monocultures. As demand for palm oil increases, there is an urgent need to find strategies that maintain biodiversity in plantations. Previous studies found that retaining forest patches within plantations benefited some terrestrial taxa but not others. However, no study has focused on aquatic taxa such as fishes, despite their importance to human well‐being. We assessed the efficacy of forested riparian reserves in conserving freshwater fish biodiversity in oil‐palm monoculture by sampling stream fish communities in an oil‐palm plantation in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forested riparian reserves maintained preconversion local fish species richness and functional diversity. In contrast, local and total species richness, biomass, and functional diversity declined markedly in streams without riparian reserves. Mechanistically, riparian reserves appeared to increase local species richness by increasing leaf litter cover and maintaining coarse substrate. The loss of fishes specializing in leaf litter and coarse substrate decreased functional diversity and altered community composition in oil‐palm plantation streams that lacked riparian reserves. Thus, a land‐sharing strategy that incorporates the retention of forested riparian reserves may maintain the ecological integrity of fish communities in oil‐palm plantations. We urge policy makers and growers to make retention of riparian reserves in oil‐palm plantations standard practice, and we encourage palm‐oil purchasers to source only palm oil from plantations that employ this practice.