Phenotypic differentiation in populations of a gladiator tree frog: environment, genetic drift and sexual selection
Phenotypic differentiation in populations of a gladiator tree frog: environment, genetic drift and sexual selection
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DOI：
10.1093/biolinnean/blad028
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发表时间：
2023-06-09
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Prado，Cynthia P. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nali，Renato C.;Zamudio，Kelly R.;Prado，Cynthia P. A.
动物群体之间的表型分化很常见，但很少有研究同时检验其背后的适应性和中性机制。这种进化过程对于具有复杂行为的物种变得更加相关，这些物种在其整个地理范围内承受着全球和局部的选择压力。在这里，我们测量并比较了新热带角斗士树蛙分布范围内的形态和声学变化，这些树蛙表现出复杂的繁殖（领地性、复杂的求偶和雌性选择）。然后，我们结合分子和景观数据来研究性选择、遗传漂变和环境声适应在叫声分化中的作用，即声适应假说（AAH）。我们发现，种群之间叫声的差异大于形态的变化，但叫声或形态特征的差异并不能用遗传分化来解释。我们没有发现 AAH 的证据，但与呼叫频率相反的显着关系表明性选择的间接作用。与个体歧视和/或女性吸引力相关的呼叫特征的差异也证实了性选择的重要作用。我们表明，多性状和多机制方法可以阐明导致个体和群体之间表型变异的复杂过程。我们强调，对整个范围内具有复杂生殖行为的物种的研究可能会提供对导致表型分化的不同选择压力的见解。
Phenotypic differentiation among animal populations is common, yet few studies have simultaneously examined the adaptive and neutral mechanisms behind it. Such evolutionary processes become more relevant in species with complex behaviours that undergo global and local selective pressures throughout their geographical range. Here we measured and compared morphological and acoustic variation across the distribution range of a Neotropical gladiator tree frog that shows elaborate reproduction (territoriality, complex courtship and female choice). We then incorporated molecular and landscape data to examine the roles of sexual selection, genetic drift and acoustic adaptation to the environment in call differentiation, i.e. the acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH). We found that calls varied more than morphology among populations, but differences in calls or morphological traits were not explained by genetic differentiation. We found no evidence for the AAH, but a significant relationship in the opposite direction regarding call frequencies suggests an indirect role of sexual selection. Differentiation on call traits that are associated with individual discrimination and/or female attraction also corroborated an important role of sexual selection. We show that multitrait and multimechanism approaches can elucidate intricate processes leading to phenotypic variation among individuals and populations. We emphasize that studies of species with complex reproductive behaviours across their range may provide insights into different selective pressures leading to phenotypic differentiation.