Driver error or designer error: Using the Perceptual Cycle Model to explore the circumstances surrounding the fatal Tesla crash on 7th May 2016
Driver error or designer error: Using the Perceptual Cycle Model to explore the circumstances surrounding the fatal Tesla crash on 7th May 2016
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2017.12.023
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Stanton, Neville A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banks, Victoria A.;Plant, Katherine L.;Stanton, Neville A.
“人为错误”往往是牵连作为事故调查的因果因素，但很少有人做，以了解“为什么”这样的错误发生在首位。本文使用图式理论和感知循环模型（PCM）的原则，进一步探讨了2016年5月特斯拉致命车祸的情况，其中驾驶员使用团队PCM表示受到致命伤害。美国国家公路交通安全管理局（National Highway Traffic Safety Administration）的初步事故调查得出结论，特斯拉Model S的驾驶员存在过错。然而，本文提出的分析认为，这一悲剧事件的根本原因实际上可能更类似于“设计师错误”，涉及自动驾驶功能本身的设计。这与美国国家运输安全委员会最近宣布的系统设计可能导致坠机事件一致。因此，驾驶员对系统功能的期望可能与系统的真实的寿命能力不匹配。这很可能是与系统功能相关的不适当的心理模型的产物。
"Human error" is often implicated as a causal factor in accident investigation yet very little is done to understand 'why' such errors occur in the first place. This paper uses the principles of Schema Theory and the Perceptual Cycle Model (PCM) to further explore the circumstances surrounding the fatal Tesla crash in May 2016 in which the driver was fatally injured using team-PCM representations. The preliminary National Highway Traffic Safety Administration accident investigation concluded that the driver of the Tesla Model S was at fault. However, the analysis presented in this paper argues that rather than "driver error", the underlying cause of this tragic incident could be in fact more akin to a "designer error" implicating the design of the Autopilot feature itself. This is in line with the National Transportation Safety Boards more recent announcement that suggests systems design may have contributed to the crash. It would therefore appear that the drivers expectation of system functionality may not have matched the real life capabilities of the system. This is likely to be a product of inappropriate mental models relating to system function.