Hypervigilance and avoidance in visual attention in children with social phobia
Hypervigilance and avoidance in visual attention in children with social phobia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.004
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Heinrichs, Nina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seefeldt, Wiebke L.;Kraemer, Martina;Heinrichs, Nina
背景和目标：社交焦虑的成年人对威胁的注意力偏差是有据可查的;然而，对社交恐惧症儿童这种偏差的研究相当缺乏。本研究旨在探讨高警觉-回避假说是否适用于社交恐怖症儿童。方法：采用眼动实验，对30名8-12岁的社交恐怖症儿童和43名正常儿童进行了注意分配的记录。在眼动追踪任务之前，有一半的儿童被诱导出社交焦虑。刺激为3000毫秒，和偏见分数为初始固定和注意力的时间跨度进行了assessed.Results：结果表明，初始警惕愤怒的面孔，所有儿童独立的焦虑诱导，而过度警惕（但不回避），只有建立在儿童与社会恐惧症愤怒的中性面孔对和社会恐惧的诱导。焦虑的自我报告措施与偏见对威胁与更明显的协会发生在焦虑诱导conditions.Limitations：我们没有记录反应时间同时限制的机会，比较我们的结果与一些以前的研究，集中在这个变量作为一个指标的注意力。结论：小学儿童（8至12岁）的认知偏差与过度警惕有关，而不是回避信息处理。注意力的分布随时间而变化。临床焦虑和健康儿童之间的差异似乎被修改的焦虑诱导，症状的严重程度和上下文的刺激，如情绪效价的脸和上下文中出现的威胁刺激。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Background and objectives: Attentional bias towards threat in socially anxious adults is well documented; however, research on this bias in children with social phobia is rather scarce. The present study investigates whether the hypervigilance-avoidance hypothesis also applies to children with social phobia.Methods: Thirty children (aged 8-12) with social phobia and 43 control children participated in an eye-tracking experiment while their attentional distribution was recorded. Social anxiety was induced in half of the children before the eye-tracking task. Stimuli were presented for 3000 ms, and bias scores for initial fixations and the time span of attention were assessed.Results: Results indicated initial vigilance towards angry faces for all children independent of anxiety induction, while hypervigilance (but not avoidance) was only established in children with social phobia for angry neutral face pairs and with social fears induced. Self-report measures of anxiety correlated with bias towards threat with more pronounced associations occurring in the anxiety induction condition.Limitations: We did not record reaction times simultaneously which limits the opportunity to compare our results to some previous studies which focused on this variable as an indicator of attention.Conclusions: Cognitive biases in elementary school children (between 8 and 12 years) relate to hypervigilant rather than to avoidant information processing. Attentional distribution varies over time. Differences between clinical anxious and healthy children seem to be modified by anxiety induction, symptom severity and contextual stimuli, such as the emotional valence of a face and the context in which the threat stimulus appears. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.