Timing and Turnout: How Off-Cycle Elections Favor Organized Groups
Timing and Turnout: How Off-Cycle Elections Favor Organized Groups
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时机和投票率：非周期选举如何有利于有组织的团体
DOI：
10.7208/chicago/9780226086958.001.0001
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sarah F. Anzia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarah F. Anzia
美国的公共政策是超过 50 万民选官员决策的产物，其中绝大多数是在选举日以外的日子当选的。由于参加非周期选举的选民少得多，这意味着美国的大多数官员都是由出于政治动机的少数美国人选出的。莎拉·F·安齐亚 (Sarah F. Anzia) 是第一个系统地探讨选举时机对政治结果影响的人，她的发现令人大开眼界。安齐亚认为，非周期选举的低投票率增加了教师工会和市政工人等有组织利益团体的影响力。尽管无论选举何时举行，这些群体的投票率往往很高，但非周期年份的低投票率增强了他们动员努力的有效性，并使他们成为比例更大的群体。纵观美国历史，选举时间问题一直是一个有争议的问题。安齐亚的书追溯了利益集团和政党为改变选举时间对自己有利而做出的努力，从而形成了我们今天的选举结构。最终，乍一看似乎很平常的日程安排问题，更好地理解为旨在分配政治权力的策略，决定谁在选举过程中拥有优势以及谁将控制市、县和州各级政府。
Public policy in the United States is the product of decisions made by more than 500,000 elected officials, the vast majority of them elected on days other than Election Day. And because far fewer voters turn out for off-cycle elections, that means the majority of officials in America are elected by a politically motivated minority of Americans. Sarah F. Anzia is the first to systemically address the effects of election timing on political outcomes, and her findings are eye-opening. The low turnout for off-cycle elections, Anzia argues, increases the influence of organized interest groups like teachers' unions and municipal workers. While such groups tend to vote at high rates regardless of when the election is held, the low turnout in off-cycle years enhances the effectiveness of their mobilization efforts and makes them a proportionately larger bloc. Throughout American history, the issue of election timing has been a contentious one. Anzia's book traces efforts by interest groups and political parties to change the timing of elections to their advantage, resulting in the electoral structures we have today. Ultimately, what might seem at first glance to be mundane matters of scheduling are better understood as tactics designed to distribute political power, determining who has an advantage in the electoral process and who will control government at the municipal, county, and state levels.