Late-Holocene natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes in the Dongbei Pingyuan (Manchurian Plain), northeastern China
Late-Holocene natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes in the Dongbei Pingyuan (Manchurian Plain), northeastern China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2004.02.010
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
M. Makohonienko;H. Kitagawa;T. Naruse;H. Nasu;A. Momohara;M. Okuno;T. Fujiki;Xin Liu;Y. Yasuda-Y.-Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Makohonienko;H. Kitagawa;T. Naruse;H. Nasu;A. Momohara;M. Okuno;T. Fujiki;Xin Liu;Y. Yasuda-Y.-Y
中国东北满洲平原的两个泥炭剖面，以及基于 20 次 AMS 测量的年代学，为该地区全新世晚期发生的自然和人为环境变化提供了新的证据。连续有机积累的开始被解释为气候引起的水文状况的变化，在木场遗址可追溯到距今 4200 年（未计算），而在大伙房遗址则可追溯到距今至少 3560 年。木厂剖面记录的泥炭开始生长之前，大约距今 4400/4300 年河流过程在时间上加剧。满洲平原水文变化的证据与附近长白山红松的蔓延有关。距今 4300-4000 年间的区域，可能与该地区当今气候条件趋势的初始阶段有关。木厂和大伙坊的全新世晚期花粉序列揭示了橡树林和松树林的存在，以及其他少量的落叶成分，如榆树、椴树、鹅耳楸树、槭树和白蜡树。橡树的局部分布通过归属于栎属 x 河北栎的植物大化石遗骸（叶子碎片）得到证实。植被覆盖形成稀疏林地或镶嵌式森林以及蒿科、禾本科和藜科草原群落。化石花粉数据清楚地表明，满洲平原西部草原的扩张是由于人类的影响而发生的。伴随着农业实践（荞麦种植）的大规模森林砍伐可以追溯到公元 900-1100 年，并且与辽朝（公元 907-1125 年）的发展有关。早期人类参与森林破坏的证据可以追溯到公元前 900 年左右。随着人为森林砍伐的每一个阶段的进行，景观开放和土壤侵蚀导致风尘的循环增加。
Two peat profiles from the Manchurian Plain in northeastern China, with chronology based on 20 AMS measurements, provide new evidence for natural and anthropogenic environmental changes that occurred in the region during late Holocene. The onset of continuous organic accumulation interpreted as climatically induced shift in hydrological regime was dated at the Muchang site to 4200 (uncal.) BP, and at the Dahuofang site to at least 3560 BP. The start of peat growth, documented in the Muchang profile, was preceded by temporal intensification of fluvial processes around 4400/4300 BP. The evidence of hydrological changes in the Manchurian Plain correlates with the spread of Korean pine in the nearby Changbai mts. area in 4300–4000 BP, and can be associated with the initial stages of a trend towards present-day climatic conditions in the region. Late Holocene pollen sequences from Muchang and Dahuofang revealed the presence of oak and pine forests with the other minor deciduous constituents as Ulmus, Tilia, Carpinus, Acer and Fraxinus. Local distribution of oak was confirmed by plant macrofossil remains (leaf fragments) ascribed to Quercus x hopeiensis. The vegetation cover formed sparse woodland or mosaic of forests and steppe communities with Artemisia, Gramineae and Chenopodiaceae. Fossil pollen data clearly indicates that the spread of grasslands in the western part of Manchurian Plain occurred as a result of human impact. Extensive deforestation accompanied by agricultural practices (buckwheat cultivation) has been dated to 900–1100cal yr AD and were correlated with development of the state of Liao dynasty (907–1125 AD). Evidence of earlier human involvement in forest destruction has been dated to around 900cal yr BC. With each progressing anthropogenic deforestations phase, there was increased circulation of eolian dust resulting from landscape opening and soil erosion.