Aging and prospective memory: examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes.
Aging and prospective memory: examining the influences of self-initiated retrieval processes.
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.21.4.996
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发表时间：
1995-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Einstein;M. McDaniel;Sarah L. Richardson;Melissa J. Guynn;Allison R. Cunfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Einstein;M. McDaniel;Sarah L. Richardson;Melissa J. Guynn;Allison R. Cunfer
过去的研究经常未能发现前瞻记忆的年龄差异。这篇文章测试的可能性，年龄差异将更有可能出现在前瞻性记忆任务，这是在自我启动检索高。在第一个实验中，参与者被要求每10分钟执行一个动作（一个基于时间的任务，假设是高的自我发起检索）;在第二个实验中，参与者被要求执行一个动作时，一个特定的词被呈现（一个基于事件的任务，假设是相对较低的自我发起检索）。年龄差异被发现与基于时间的任务，但不与基于事件的任务。这种年龄差异的模式在第三次实验中再次被发现，在该实验中使用了一种新的实验程序，并且直接改变了前瞻记忆任务的性质。一般来说，结果表明，自我启动的检索过程是一个重要组成部分的年龄相关的差异，在回顾性和前瞻性的记忆任务。
Past research has frequently failed to find age differences in prospective memory. This article tested the possibility that age differences would be more likely to emerge on a prospective memory task that was high in self-initiated retrieval. In the 1st experiment, participants were asked to perform an action every 10 min (a time-based task presumed to be high in self-initiated retrieval); in the 2nd experiment, participants were asked to perform an action whenever a particular word was presented (an event-based task presumed to be relatively low in self-initiated retrieval). Age differences were found with the time-based task but not with the event-based task. This pattern of age differences was again found in a 3rd experiment in which a new experimental procedure was used and the nature of the prospective memory task was directly varied. Generally, the results suggest that self-initiated retrieval processes are an important component of age-related differences across both retrospective and prospective memory tasks.