Are amphipods Orchestia grillus (Bosc, 1802) (Amphipoda: Talitridae) infected with the trematode Levinseniella byrdi (Heard, 1968) drawn to the light?
Are amphipods Orchestia grillus (Bosc, 1802) (Amphipoda: Talitridae) infected with the trematode Levinseniella byrdi (Heard, 1968) drawn to the light?
复制标题
端足类Orchestia Grillus（Bosc，1802）（端足类：Talitridae）是否感染了吸虫Levinseniella byrdi（Heard，1968），会被光吸引？
DOI：
10.1093/jcbiol/ruac017
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Johnson, David S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, David S
寄生虫可以以惊人的方式改变宿主的行为。当盐沼amphipodOrchestia grillus（Bosc, 1802）感染了delevinseniella byrdi（Heard, 1968）时，它是明亮的橙色，与未感染的个体不同，它在露天被发现。我测试了被感染的片脚类动物在露天被发现的假设，因为。byrdi逆转了他们天生的畏光症。在白天处理期间，当放置在黑暗的房间时，平均0%的未感染和20%的感染片脚类动物在30分钟后移到明亮的房间。当放置在有光的房间里时，平均30分钟后，91%的未感染的片脚类动物和53%的感染的片脚类动物进入黑暗的房间。这些结果清楚地表明。格栅病通常畏光，但感染l后不畏光。byrdi。相反,L。byrdii似乎可以消除片脚类动物的畏光症。UninfectedO。格栅通常在植被下发现。我假设。grilluswithL。伯氏病菌会随机游荡到开阔、无植被的栖息地。此外，94%的受感染的片脚类动物在野外可以用手指触摸，这表明它们很容易被捕食者捕获。Levinseniella byrdidis至少感染了其他三种片足类动物宿主，Chelorchestia forceps(Smith & Heard, 2001),Uhlorchestia spartinophila（Bousfield & Heard, 1986）。uhleri(鞋匠,1930)。寄生虫操纵假说认为，寄生虫诱导的变化（明显的体色和中和的光响应）是l的适应性。Byrdito使片脚类寄主更容易受到鸟类捕食者的影响，鸟类是最终的寄主。这个假设还有待检验。
A parasite can change its host’s behavior in spectacular ways. When the saltmarsh amphipodOrchestia grillus(Bosc, 1802) is infected with the trematodeLevinseniella byrdi(Heard, 1968) it is bright orange and is found in the open unlike uninfected individuals. I tested the hypothesis that infected amphipods are found in the open becauseL. byrdireverses their innate photophobia. During daytime treatments and when placed in a dark chamber, 0% of the uninfected and 20% of the infected amphipods, on average, moved to the light chamber after 30 minutes. When placed in a light chamber, 91% of the uninfected and 53% of the infected amphipods, on average, went to the dark side after 30 minutes. These results clearly indicate thatO. grillusis normally photophobic, but not drawn to light when infected withL. byrdi. Instead,L. byrdiappears to neutralize the amphipod’s photophobia. UninfectedO. grillusare typically found under vegetation. I hypothesize thatO. grilluswithL. byrdiinfections wander into open, unvegetated habitats randomly. In addition, 94% of infected amphipods could be touched by a finger in the field suggesting they can be easily caught by predators.Levinseniella byrdiinfects at least three other amphipod hosts,Chelorchestia forceps(Smith & Heard, 2001),Uhlorchestia spartinophila(Bousfield & Heard, 1986), andU. uhleri(Shoemaker, 1930). The parasite-manipulation hypothesis suggests that the parasite-induced changes (conspicuous body color and neutralized light response) are adaptive forL. byrdito make amphipod hosts more susceptible to bird predators, the definitive hosts. This hypothesis remains to be tested.