The influence of income on health: Views of an epidemiologist
The influence of income on health: Views of an epidemiologist
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DOI：
10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.31
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
Marmot, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marmot, M
收入通过三种方式与健康相关：国家的国民生产总值、个人收入以及富裕国家之间和地理区域之间的收入不平等。一个核心问题是这些关联在多大程度上反映了因果关联。如果是这样，收入的重新分配将改善健康。本文讨论了收入与健康因果关系的两种方式：通过对生物生存所需的物质条件的直接影响，以及通过对社会参与和控制生活环境的机会的影响。社区公开提供的商品和服务越少，个人收入对健康就越重要。在美国目前的情况下，通过税收和福利制度以及公共供给来抵消日益增长的收入不平等的政策似乎是合理的。
Income is related to health in three ways: through the gross national product of countries, the income of individuals, and the income inequalities among rich nations and among geographic areas. A central question is the degree to which these associations reflect a causal association. If so, redistribution of income would improve health. This paper discusses two ways in which income could be causally related to health: through a direct effect on the material conditions necessary for biological survival, and through an effect on social participation and opportunity to control life circumstances. The fewer goods and services are provided publicly by the community, the more important individual income is for health. Under present U.S. circumstances, a policy of counteracting growing income inequalities through the tax and benefit system and of public provision appears justified.