Zinc and zinc transporters in prostate carcinogenesis.

Zinc and zinc transporters in prostate carcinogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1038/nrurol.2013.43
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发表时间:
2013-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Urology
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其他
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健康的人类前列腺在体内软组织中积累的锌含量最高。这种独特的特性在良性前列腺增生中得以保留,但在前列腺恶性肿瘤中消失,这表明锌及其转运蛋白在致癌过程中发生变化。事实上,锌浓度在前列腺癌发生的早期、在组织病理学变化之前就减少,并且在进展为去势抵抗性疾病期间继续下降。许多研究表明,增加锌的摄入量可以预防前列腺恶性肿瘤的进展。尽管饮食摄入量增加,锌的积累可能会受到锌摄取转运蛋白表达减少的限制,从而导致肿瘤内锌水平降低。这一发现可以解释评估补锌对前列腺癌一级和二级预防作用的各种流行病学研究的相互矛盾的结果。总体而言,需要对锌稳态机制进行更多研究,以充分了解其对前列腺癌发生的影响。只有这样,才能利用锌和锌转运蛋白的潜力来诊断和治疗男性前列腺癌。
The healthy human prostate accumulates the highest level of zinc of any soft tissue in the body. This unique property is retained in BPH, but is lost in prostatic malignancy, which implicates changes in zinc and its transporters in carcinogenesis. Indeed, zinc concentrations diminish early in the course of prostate carcinogenesis, preceding histopathological changes, and continue to decline during progression toward castration-resistant disease. Numerous studies suggest that increased zinc intake might protect against progression of prostatic malignancy. Despite increased dietary intake, zinc accumulation might be limited by the diminished expression of zinc uptake transporters, resulting in decreased intratumoural zinc levels. This finding can explain the conflicting results of various epidemiological studies evaluating the role of zinc supplementation on primary and secondary prostate cancer prevention. Overall, more research into the mechanisms of zinc homeostasis are needed to fully understand its impact on prostate carcinogenesis. Only then can the potential of zinc and zinc transport proteins be harnessed in the diagnosis and treatment of men with prostate cancer.
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