Kittiwake breeding success in the southern North Sea correlates with prior sandeel fishing mortality
Kittiwake breeding success in the southern North Sea correlates with prior sandeel fishing mortality
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DOI：
10.1002/aqc.2780
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Furness, Robert W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carroll, Matthew J.;Bolton, Mark;Furness, Robert W.
在北海，沙鳗为繁殖海鸟提供了重要的食物来源，但也是工业化渔业的目标。GPS追踪显示，最多产的渔场与来自英格兰东部的黑腿三趾鸥的觅食区重叠，这增加了渔业可能影响鸟类的可能性。海水温度上升也威胁到三趾鸥，因此三趾鸥的食物供应可能受到当地和更大规模过程的影响。在弗朗伯勒角和本普顿悬崖特别保护区，三趾鸥繁殖成功的驱动因素，英国最大的殖民地，也是离沙洲渔场最近的一个，进行了调查。采用广义线性混合模型和广义线性模型分析了三趾鸥种群、海面温度与三趾鸥繁殖成功的关系，并采用赤池信息准则和R-2评价了模型的性能。三趾鸥繁殖成功率越高，前一个冬季砂砂鱼产卵量（SSB；性成熟鱼生物量）越高（R-2=21.5%），前两年砂砂鱼捕捞死亡率越低（R-2=22.3%）。去除时间趋势后，只剩下捕捞死亡率效应。具有多个预测因子的模型支持捕鱼死亡率的重要性。较高的沙鳗SSB与较低的温度（R-2=15.2 ~ 38.6%）和较低的沙鳗捕捞死亡率（R-2=24.2 ~ 26.1%）相关。因此，较低的温度和捕捞死亡率与三趾鸥生物量呈正相关，较高的三趾鸥生物量和较低的捕捞死亡率与三趾鸥生产力呈正相关。鉴于环境条件的恶化和三趾鸥和三趾鸥数量的减少，在制定渔业管理决策时应仔细考虑依赖三趾鸥的捕食者的需求。
In the North Sea, sandeels provide a vital food source for breeding seabirds, but are also the target of an industrial fishery. GPS tracking suggests that the most productive fishing grounds overlap with foraging areas of black-legged kittiwakes from eastern England, raising the prospect that the fishery could affect the birds. Rising sea temperatures also threaten sandeels, so kittiwake food supplies could be affected by local and larger-scale processes. Drivers of kittiwake breeding success at Flamborough Head and Bempton Cliffs Special Protection Area, the UK's largest colony, and one of the closest to the sandeel fishing grounds, were examined. Relationships between sandeel stocks, sea surface temperature and kittiwake breeding success were analysed with generalized linear mixed models and generalized linear models, with model performance assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion and R-2. Higher kittiwake breeding success was associated with higher sandeel spawning stock biomass (SSB; biomass of sexually mature fish) the preceding winter (R-2=21.5%) and lower sandeel fishing mortality two years previously (R-2=22.3%). After temporal trends were removed, only the fishing mortality effect remained. Models with multiple predictors supported the importance of fishing mortality. Higher sandeel SSB was associated with lower temperatures (R-2=15.2-38.6%) and lower sandeel fishing mortality (R-2=24.2-26.1%). Hence, lower temperatures and fishing mortality were positively associated with sandeel biomass, and higher sandeel biomass and lower fishing mortality were positively associated with kittiwake productivity. In light of worsening environmental conditions and declining sandeel and kittiwake populations, careful consideration should be given to the requirements of sandeel-dependent predators when making fishery management decisions.