Distribution of household disinfection kits during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia: The MSF experience.
Distribution of household disinfection kits during the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia: The MSF experience.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0008539
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Maes P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ali E;Benedetti G;Van den Bergh R;Halford A;Bawo L;Massaquoi M;Bellizzi S;Maes P
在2014-2016年利比里亚蒙罗维亚埃博拉病毒病爆发的初始阶段，所有医院的隔离能力都被庞大的病例数所淹没。无国界医生组织（MSF）采取了一项临时措施来阻止传播，向那些有感染EVD高风险的人分发了家庭消毒包。该工具包内装有氯和个人防护材料，用于护理病人或处理尸体。这种干预对无国界医生组织来说是新颖和有争议的。本文阐明了在蒙罗维亚分发的经验，并评估了接受者是否正确使用了工具包。对EVD高危人群（确诊EVD病例的亲属）和卫生工作者进行了有针对性的分发。还向受埃博拉病毒病影响最严重的城市地区的家庭进行了大规模分发。在分发过程中纳入了一项以工具包的目的和使用为重点的健康促进战略。此外，亦曾致电受助人，查询使用该套教材的情况。2014年9月至11月期间共分发了65 609个工具包。通过电话共联系了1 386名受助人。在收到急救包的家庭中，共有60人患病和/或死亡。其中大多数（46，10%）是确诊EVD病例的亲属家庭。总体而言，在60个受影响家庭中，有56个家庭使用了这些工具包。在分发后没有生病和/或死亡的1 322户家庭中，有583户（44%）使用了工具包中的要素，主要是（94%）用氯洗手。在埃博拉病毒病爆发高峰期，分发家庭消毒包是可行的，大多数接受者都适当使用了消毒包。今后在类似情况下，应考虑进行干预。利比里亚是2014-2016年埃博拉病毒爆发（EVD）最严重的国家之一。由于埃博拉病毒病病例数量不断上升，蒙罗维亚所有医院的隔离能力都捉襟见肘。作为权宜之计，无国界医生向被认为是埃博拉病毒传播高风险的人分发了家庭消毒包，包括确诊埃博拉病毒病例的亲属、卫生工作人员和蒙罗维亚受影响最严重地区的家庭。该工具包的目的是照顾病人，而等待救护车或处理尸体，而等待埋葬队。该工具包内装有氯和个人防护材料。关于工具包的目的和使用的健康促进战略已纳入分发工作。通过电话对试剂盒接收者进行随访，以更好地了解试剂盒的使用情况。2014年9月至11月期间共分发了65 609个工具包。在通过电话联系的1 386名接受者中，有60例疾病和（或）死亡事件发生在接受急救包的家庭中。其中大多数是确诊EVD病例的亲属。在60个受影响家庭中，有56个家庭使用了急救包。分发家庭消毒包是可行的，大多数接受者都适当使用了消毒包。今后在类似情况下，应考虑进行干预。
During the initial phase of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Monrovia, Liberia, all hospitals’ isolation capacities were overwhelmed by the sheer caseload. As a stop-gap measure to halt transmission, Medecins sans Frontieres (MSF) distributed household disinfection kits to those who were at high risk of EVD contamination. The kit contained chlorine and personal protective materials to be used for the care of a sick person or the handling of a dead body. This intervention was novel and controversial for MSF. This paper shed the light on this experience of distribution in Monrovia and assess if kits were properly used by recipients. Targeted distribution was conducted to those at high risk of EVD (relatives of confirmed EVD cases) and health staff. Mass distributions were also conducted to households in the most EVD affected urban districts. A health promotion strategy focused on the purpose and use of the kit was integrated into the distribution. Follow-up phone calls to recipients were conducted to enquire about the use of the kit. Overall, 65,609 kits were distributed between September and November 2014. A total of 1,386 recipients were reached by phone. A total of 60 cases of sickness and/or death occurred in households who received a kit. The majority of these (46, 10%) were in households of relatives of confirmed EVD cases. Overall, usage of the kits was documented in 56 out of 60 affected households. Out of the 1322 households that did not experience sickness and/or death after the distribution, 583 (44%) made use of elements of the kit, mainly (94%) chlorine for hand-washing. At the peak of an EVD outbreak, the distribution of household disinfection kits was feasible and kits were appropriately used by the majority of recipients. In similar circumstances in the future, the intervention should be considered. Liberia was one of the worst countries hit by the 2014–2016 Ebola Virus outbreak (EVD). All hospitals’ isolation capacity in Monrovia was stretched by the spiralling number of EVD cases. As a stop-gap measure, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) distributed household disinfection kit to those who were considered at high risk of EVD transmission, including relatives of confirmed EVD cases, health staff and households in the most affected districts across Monrovia. The purpose of the kit was to care for sick person while waiting for an ambulance or handling dead body while waiting for burial team. The kit contained chlorine and personal protective materials. Health promotion strategy on the purpose and use of the kit was integrated into the distribution. Follow up with the kit recipients was done by phone to better understand the use of the kit. Overall, 65,609 kits were distributed between September and November 2014. Among 1,386 recipients reached by phone, 60 cases of sickness and/or death events occurred in households which received a kit. The majority of these were among the relatives of confirmed EVD cases. Kits’ use was documented in 56 out of 60 affected households. The distribution of household disinfection kits was feasible and kits were appropriately used by the majority of the recipients. In similar circumstances in future, the intervention should be considered.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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