Momentum creation by vortices in superfluid He-3 as a model of primordial baryogenesis
Momentum creation by vortices in superfluid He-3 as a model of primordial baryogenesis
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DOI：
10.1038/386689a0
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发表时间：
1997-04-17
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Volovik, GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bevan, TDC;Manninen, AJ;Volovik, GE
宇宙包含的物质比反物质多得多，这可能是早期宇宙中重子数不守恒的过程的结果。这些过程可能发生在电弱相变期间，当基本粒子首次获得质量（1-4）时。直接研究与早期宇宙有关的过程是不可能的，因为涉及到极端的能量。因此，人们不得不研究具有类似相变的实验室系统。超流He-3的大部分行为与电弱相互作用的标准模型中预测的行为类似（5）。超流体和液晶已经被用来研究宇宙弦的产生（6-11）;在这里，我们描述了关于He-3的实验，这些实验证明了超流体中的量子化涡旋产生激发动量（我们称之为动量生成）。这个过程的基本物理学与宇宙弦中重子的产生类似，我们的结果为这种类型的重子生成提供了定量支持。
The Universe contains much more matter than antimatter, which is probably the result of processes in the early Universe in which baryon number was not conserved. These processes may have occurred during the electroweak phase transition, when elementary particles first acquired mass(1-4). It is impossible to study directly processes relevant to the early Universe, because of the extreme energies involved. One is therefore forced to investigate laboratory systems with analogous phase transitions. Much of the behaviour of superfluid He-3 is analogous to that predicted within the standard model of the electroweak interaction(5). Superfluids and liquid crystals have already been used to investigate cosmic-string production(6-11); here we describe experiments on He-3 that demonstrate the creation of excitation momentum (which we call momentogenesis) by quantized vortices in the superfluid. The underlying physics of this process is similar to that associated with the creation of baryons within cosmic strings, and our results provide quantitative support for this type of baryogenesis.