Collision dynamics and reactions of fractional vortex molecules in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
Collision dynamics and reactions of fractional vortex molecules in coherently coupled Bose-Einstein condensates
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033373
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发表时间：
2019-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Eto;K. Ikeno;M. Nitta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Eto;K. Ikeno;M. Nitta
相干耦合的二元玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体 (BEC) 表现出类似于量子色动力学 (QCD) 中夸克限制的涡旋限制。仅缠绕在两个分量之一中的分数量子化涡旋由孤子附着，并且它们不能稳定地单独存在。可能的稳定态是介子类型的“强子”，即由孤子连接的同一组件中的涡旋和反涡旋组成的分子，或重子类型的“强子”，即由孤子连接的两个不同组件中缠绕的两个涡旋组成的分子。介子分子以恒定速度直线运动，而重子分子则旋转。我们对介子和重子分子的碰撞动力学进行数值模拟，发现分子在化学反应和核反应等一般碰撞中交换伙伴，将所有碰撞总结为涡旋反应，并用费曼图来描述这些碰撞。我们找到了涡旋分子碰撞后最终状态的选择规则，类似于 QCD 中的强子碰撞。
Coherently coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) exhibit vortex confinement resembling quark confinement in Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). Fractionally quantized vortices winding only in one of two components are attached by solitons, and they cannot stably exist alone. Possible stable states are "hadrons" either of mesonic type, i.e., molecules made of a vortex and anti-vortex in the same component connected by a soliton, or of baryonic type, i.e., molecules made of two vortices winding in two different components connected by a soliton. Mesonic molecules move straight with a constant velocity while baryonic molecules rotate. We numerically simulate collision dynamics of mesonic and baryonic molecules and find that the molecules swap a partner in collisions in general like chemical and nuclear reactions, summarize all collisions as vortex reactions, and describe those by Feynman diagrams. We find a selection rule for final states after collisions of vortex molecules, analogous to that for collisions of hadrons in QCD.