Analysis of Vertical Distributions and Effective Flight Layers of Insects: Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flying Insects and Catch at Trap Heights
Analysis of Vertical Distributions and Effective Flight Layers of Insects: Three-Dimensional Simulation of Flying Insects and Catch at Trap Heights
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DOI：
10.1603/en11043
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发表时间：
2011-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Byers, John A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byers, John A.
对文献中报道的100多种昆虫在几个诱捕高度上的平均飞行高度和飞行标准差(SD)进行了估计。给出了计算平均高度和SD的迭代公式。95%的研究对象的平均飞行高度在0.17~5.40m之间，SD在0.12~3.83m之间，SD与平均飞行高度(X)的关系为SD=0.711X(-0.7849)，n=123，R2=0.63。此外，垂直诱捕量服从正态分布，并对偏态和峰度进行了分析。SD被用来计算用于将信息素诱捕陷阱的球形有效吸引半径(EAR)转换为圆形EAR(C)的有效飞行层，用于使用信号化学物质的质量诱捕和交配破坏的二维相遇率模型。EAR/EAR(C)也用于揭示推测的信息素混合物的吸引强度和有效性。为了确定平均飞行高度和基于现场诱捕数据的SD计算的可靠性，对飞行昆虫进行了三维(3D)模拟。模拟使用了一种算法，该算法使个体自由漫游，但使种群按照指定平均值和SD的正态分布垂直分布。在这个3D竞技场内，球形陷阱被放置在不同的高度，以确定对捕获量和SD的影响。结果表明，用迭代方程分析以前的野外研究数据时，应该可以很好地估计种群平均高度和飞行的SD。
The mean height and standard deviation (SD) of flight is estimated for over 100 insect species from their catches on several trap heights reported in the literature. The iterative equations for calculating mean height and SD are presented. The mean flight height for 95% of the studies varied from 0.17 to 5.40 m, and the SD from 0.12 to 3.83 m. The relationship between SD and mean flight height (X) was SD = 0.711X(-0.7849), n = 123, R-2 = 0.63. In addition, the vertical trap catches were fit to normal distributions and analyzed for skew and kurtosis. The SD was used to calculate an effective flight layer used in transforming the spherical effective attraction radius (EAR) of pheromone-baited traps into a circular EAR(c) for use in two-dimensional encounter rate models of mass trapping and mating disruption using semiochemicals. The EAR/EAR(c) also serves to reveal the attractive strength and efficacy of putative pheromone blends. To determine the reliability of mean flight height and SD calculations from field trapping data, simulations of flying insects in three dimensions (3D) were performed. The simulations used an algorithm that caused individuals to roam freely at random but such that the population distributed vertically according to a normal distribution of specified mean and SD. Within this 3D arena, spherical traps were placed at various heights to determine the effects on catch and SD. The results indicate that data from previous field studies, when analyzed by the iterative equations, should provide good estimates of the population mean height and SD of flight.