DATING OF THE HUMAN APE SPLITTING BY A MOLECULAR CLOCK OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA
DATING OF THE HUMAN APE SPLITTING BY A MOLECULAR CLOCK OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02101694
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
YANO, TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HASEGAWA, M;KISHINO, H;YANO, TA
提出了一种用分子钟方法估计物种DNA序列数据发散日期的统计方法。该方法有效地考虑了一组DNA序列数据中包含的信息。线粒体DNA （mtDNA）的分子钟是通过设定白垩纪-第三纪（6500万年前）灵长类动物和有蹄类动物分化的时间来校准的，当时恐龙灭绝。采用广义最小二乘法拟合mtDNA序列数据模型，时钟给出的日期为92.3 +-。11.7, 13.3 .+-。1.5, 10.9 .+-。1.2, 3.7 .+-。0.6和2.7 .+-。60万年前（每对数字的第二个是标准差），分别是老鼠、长臂猿、猩猩、大猩猩和黑猩猩从通向人类的那条线中分离出来的。尽管时钟存在一些不确定性，但这一年代测定可能会给人们普遍相信的假设带来问题，即大约370万年前生活在坦桑尼亚Laetoli和埃塞俄比亚Hadar的两足动物南方古猿阿法种（Australopithecus afarensis）是人类的祖先，在人类时代分裂之后进化而来。另一种可能性是，mtDNA是在原始人类和原始黑猩猩进化成两足动物后通过杂交转移的。
A new statistical method for estimating divergence dates of species of DNA sequence data by a molecular clock approach is developed. This method takes into account effectively the information contained in a set of DNA sequence data. The molecular clock of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was calibrated by setting the date of divergence between primates and ungulates at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (65 million years ago), when the extinction of dinosaurs occurred. A generalized least-squares method was applied in fitting a model to mtDNA sequence data, and the clock gave dates of 92.3 .+-. 11.7, 13.3 .+-. 1.5, 10.9 .+-. 1.2, 3.7 .+-. 0.6, and 2.7 .+-. 0.6 million years ago (where the second of each pair of numbers is the standard deviation) for the separation of mouse, gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee, respectively, from the line leading to humans. Although there is some uncertainty in the clock, this dating may pose a problem for the widely believed hypothesis that the bipedal creature Australopithecus afarensis, which lived some 3.7 million years ago at Laetoli in Tanzania and at Hadar in Ethiopia, was ancestral to man and evolved after the human-age splitting. Another likelier possibility is that mtDNA was transferred through hybridization between a proto-human and a proto-chimpanzee after the former had developed bipedalism.