On the value of seasonal mammals for identifying mechanisms underlying the control of food intake and body weight.
On the value of seasonal mammals for identifying mechanisms underlying the control of food intake and body weight.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.03.009
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Ebling, Francis J. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ebling, Francis J. P.
这篇文章是“能量平衡”的一部分。反映食物摄入和能量消耗变化的肥胖和体重的季节性周期是在温带和极地栖息地进化的哺乳动物的常态。先天的昼夜节律和对光周期年变化的直接反应联合收割机共同保证了行为和能量代谢在预期能量需求改变（如冬眠、迁徙和哺乳等消耗能量的过程）时得到调节。在过去的十年中，已经取得了重大进展，以确定这些深刻的长期变化的行为和生理的核心机制。令人惊讶的是，它们与下丘脑中的肽能和胺能系统不同，后者已在实验室小鼠和大鼠的研究中被鉴定，并涉及定时进餐间隔和对热量限制的短期反应。啮齿类动物、有蹄类动物和鸟类的比较研究表明，第三脑室室管膜层中嵌入的伸长细胞在季节变化中起着关键作用，因为它们调节甲状腺激素的局部可用性。了解这种改变的激素环境如何调节下丘脑的神经发生和可塑性，应该为管理食欲和体重的策略的发展提供新的见解。季节性周期揭示了控制食物摄入的新机制。下丘脑伸长细胞控制摄食行为的季节性变化。伸展细胞调节下丘脑中甲状腺激素的运输和可用性。甲状腺激素可调节在初始发育中重要的机制。成年季节性下丘脑是一个结构和功能可塑性的区域。
This article is part of a Special Issue “Energy Balance”. Seasonal cycles of adiposity and body weight reflecting changes in both food intake and energy expenditure are the norm in mammals that have evolved in temperate and polar habitats. Innate circannual rhythmicity and direct responses to the annual change in photoperiod combine to ensure that behavior and energy metabolism are regulated in anticipation of altered energetic demands such as the energetically costly processes of hibernation, migration, and lactation. In the last decade, major progress has been made into identifying the central mechanisms that underlie these profound long-term changes in behavior and physiology. Surprisingly they are distinct from the peptidergic and aminergic systems in the hypothalamus that have been identified in studies of the laboratory mouse and rat and implicated in timing meal intervals and in short-term responses to caloric restriction. Comparative studies across rodents, ungulates and birds reveal that tanycytes embedded in the ependymal layer of the third ventricle play a critical role in seasonal changes because they regulate the local availability of thyroid hormone. Understanding how this altered hormonal environment might regulate neurogenesis and plasticity in the hypothalamus should provide new insight into development of strategies to manage appetite and body weight. Seasonal cycles reveal novel mechanisms underlying control of food intake. Hypothalamic tanycytes control seasonal changes in ingestive behavior. Tanycytes regulate thyroid hormone transport and availability in the hypothalamus. Thyroid hormone may regulate mechanisms important in initial development. The adult seasonal hypothalamus is a region of structural and functional plasticity.
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