A unique carbazole–coumarin fused two-photon platform: development of a robust two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging carbon monoxide in living tissues
A unique carbazole–coumarin fused two-photon platform: development of a robust two-photon fluorescent probe for imaging carbon monoxide in living tissues
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DOI：
10.1039/c4sc00283k
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发表时间：
2014-07
期刊：
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Kaibo Zheng;Weiying Lin;Li Tan;Hua Chen;Haijun Cui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kaibo Zheng;Weiying Lin;Li Tan;Hua Chen;Haijun Cui
双光子荧光探针是生物学和医学研究的有力工具。构建双光子荧光探针需要合适的双光子荧光平台。在此，我们提出了合理的设计，合成和光谱性质的咔唑香豆素（CC）衍生物，一个独特的家庭的双光子荧光染料。值得注意的是，CC的作用截面可通过在香豆素部分的4′-位的修饰来调节，这意味着CC可以被开发作为一种新的平台来设计双光子荧光探针。一氧化碳（CO）在许多生理和病理过程中起着重要作用。尽管先前已经报道了在活细胞中追踪CO，但是在厚得多的生物样品（例如，活组织）中检测CO还没有实现。众所周知，双光子荧光探针有利于监测活组织中的生物分子。因此，基于独特的CC平台，我们合理地设计了CC-CO作为第一个双光子荧光CO探针，并且我们进一步证明了CC-CO不仅可以监测活细胞中的CO水平的变化，而且首次可以监测活组织中的CO水平的变化，证明了我们的双光子荧光CO探针的价值。CC平台是目前双光子荧光平台的补充，它可以用于开发各种各样的双光子荧光探针。此外，我们预计CC-CO及其下一代类似物可能有助于揭示CO在复杂生命系统中的功能。
Two-photon fluorescent probes are favorable as powerful molecular tools for studies in biology and medicine. To construct two-photon fluorescent probes, it is necessary to have suitable two-photon fluorescent platforms. Herein, we present the rational design, synthesis, and spectral properties of carbazole–coumarin (CC) derivatives, a unique family of two-photon fluorescent dyes. Significantly, the action cross-sections of CC are tunable by modifications at the 4′-position of the coumarin moiety, implying that CC could be exploited as a novel platform to design two-photon fluorescent probes. Carbon monoxide (CO) plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Although the tracking of CO in living cells has been previously reported, the detection of CO in much thicker biosamples, for instance, living tissues, has not been realized. It is known that two-photon fluorescent probes are favorable for monitoring biomolecules in living tissues. Thus, based on the unique CC platform, we rationally engineered CC–CO as the first two-photon fluorescent CO probe, and we further demonstrated that CC–CO could monitor the changes of CO levels not only in living cells but also in living tissues for the first time, demonstrating the value of our two-photon fluorescent CO probe. The CC platform is complementary to the current two-photon fluorescent platforms and it may be used to develop a wide variety of two-photon fluorescent probes. In addition, we expect that CC–CO and its next generation analogues may be useful for unraveling the functions of CO in complicated living systems.