Time-delay estimation via linear interpolation and cross correlation
Time-delay estimation via linear interpolation and cross correlation
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DOI：
10.1109/tsa.2004.833008
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Huang, YT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benesty, J;Chen, JD;Huang, YT
时延估计(TDE)是识别、定位和跟踪辐射源的基本方法，其目的是测量不同通道之间的相对到达时间差(TDOA)。最近，人们对基于TDE的定位器的应用越来越感兴趣，例如在房间会议环境中使用自动摄像机转向，其中麦克风传感器不仅接收直接路径信号，而且由于来自房间内边界和物体的反射而接收源信号的衰减和延迟复制。这种多径传播效应在观测信号中引入了回波和频谱失真，称为混响，这严重影响了潮汐算法的性能。本文讨论了TDE问题，重点讨论了使用多个麦克风传感器对抗混响的问题。本文以一种新的方式重新推导了多通道互相关系数(MCCC)，将其与著名的线性内插技术相连接。讨论了MCCC的一些有趣的性质和界，并引入了一种递归算法，以便在有新的数据快照时能够有效地估计和更新MCCC。然后，我们将MCCC应用于TDE问题。由此得到的新算法可以看作是广义互相关(GCC)时延估计方法在多通道情况下的自然推广。结果表明，该算法可以充分利用多个麦克风传感器提供的冗余性，提高TDE对混响和噪声的抑制能力。实验证实，相对时延估计精度随着传感器数目的增加而提高。
Time-delay estimation (TDE), which aims at measuring the relative time difference of arrival (TDOA) between different channels is a fundamental approach for identifying, localizing, and tracking radiating sources. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of TDE based locator for applications such as automatic camera steering in a room conferencing environment where microphone sensors receive not only the direct-path signal, but also attenuated and delayed replicas of the source signal due to reflections from boundaries and objects in the room. This multipath propagation effect introduces echoes and spectral distortions into the observation signal, termed as reverberation, which severely deteriorates a TIDE algorithm in its performance. This paper deals with the TDE problem with emphasis on combating reverberation using multiple microphone sensors. The multichannel cross correlation coefficient (MCCC) is rederived here, in a new way, to connect it to the well-known linear interpolation technique. Some interesting properties and bounds of the MCCC are discussed and a recursive algorithm is introduced so that the MCCC can be estimated and updated efficiently when new data snapshots are available. We then apply the MCCC to the TDE problem. The resulting new algorithm can be treated as a natural generalization of the generalized cross correlation (GCC) TDE method to the multichannel case. It is shown that this new algorithm can take advantage of the redundancy provided by multiple microphone sensors to improve TDE against both reverberation and noise. Experiments confirm that the relative time-delay estimation accuracy increases with the number of sensors.