Methods of Extending the Strawberry Season in Europe
Methods of Extending the Strawberry Season in Europe
复制标题
欧洲延长草莓季节的方法
DOI：
10.21273/horttech.5.4.286
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
David C. Simpson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Hancock;David C. Simpson
草莓不再是季节性水果了。现在，在世界上几乎所有的市场上，一年四季都能找到新鲜的草莓。这种市场扩张始于北美，随着水果运输能力的提高以及温暖气候下每年、晚秋和冬季种植系统的发展。因此，北美的大部分草莓生产都转移到了加州和佛罗里达，在那里全年都可以生产水果。从1950年到1990年，加州在美国市场的份额从27%增长到74%，而佛罗里达从3%增长到10%（Bringhurst等人，1990年）。商业上可接受的白天中性品种的出现在扩大北美草莓季节方面发挥了重要作用。如果温度为10至30 ℃，日间中性植物在种植后90天内就会产生果实，因此，根据种植日期，在温暖气候中的几乎任何季节都可以收获（Bringhurst和Voth，1984年）。加州大学戴维斯分校的白天中性植物“塞尔瓦”和“海景”现在占加州面积的60%。即使在寒冷的温度，防止冬季生长的地区，美国农业部日中性，如'三星'和'贡品'已被用来提供多种夏季作物（钱德勒，199 1; Galletta和Bringhurst，1990年）。
S trawberries are no longer a seasonal fruit. It is now common to find fresh strawberries throughout the year in almost all markets of the world. This market expansion began in North America with improvements in the shipability of fruit and the development of annual, late fall, and winter planting systems for warm climates. As a result, most strawberry production in North America has shifted to California and Florida, where collectively fruit can be produced throughout the year. From 1950 to 1990, California’s share of the United States market grew from 27% to 74%, while Florida increased from 3% to 10% (Bringhurst et al., 1990). The emergence of commercially acceptable day-neutral cultivars played a major role in expanding the strawberry season in North America. Day-neutrals produce fruit within 90 days of planting if temperatures are 10 to 30C and, as a result, can be harvested in virtually any season in warm climates depending on planting date (Bringhurst and Voth, 1984). The University of California-Davis dayneutrals ‘Selva’ and ‘Seascape’ now constitute up to 60% of the acreage in California (Sjulin, personal communication). Even in areas with cold temperatures that prevent winter growth, USDA day-neutrals such as ‘Tristar’ and ‘Tribute’ have been used to provide multiple summer crops (Chandler, 199 1; Galletta and Bringhurst, 1990).