NMDA Receptors in the Central Nervous System.
NMDA Receptors in the Central Nervous System.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4939-7321-7_1
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Traynelis SF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hansen KB;Yi F;Perszyk RE;Menniti FS;Traynelis SF
NMDA型谷氨酸受体是配体门控离子通道，介导中枢神经系统（CNS）兴奋性神经传递的主要成分。它们广泛分布于发育的各个阶段，并与正常的脑功能密切相关，包括神经元发育和突触可塑性。NMDA受体还涉及许多神经和精神障碍的病理生理学，例如缺血性中风、创伤性脑损伤、阿尔茨海默病、癫痫、情绪障碍和精神分裂症。由于这些原因，NMDA受体在过去几十年中被深入研究，以阐明其生理作用并将其作为治疗靶点。存在七个NMDA受体亚基，其组装成不同阵列的四聚体受体复合物，其受到不同的调节，具有不同的区域和发育表达，并且具有广泛的功能和药理学性质。亚基组成的多样性产生了在神经元细胞类型和脑区域中具有不同生理作用的NMDA受体亚型，并能够精确调节突触传递。本文就NMDA受体结构与功能的关系、NMDA受体亚型在中枢神经系统中的多样性和意义、NMDA受体在正常和病理状态下的作用原理和规律等方面进行综述。
NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a major component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are widely distributed at all stages of development and are critically involved in normal brain functions, including neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. For these reasons, NMDA receptors have been intensively studied in the past several decades to elucidate their physiological roles and to advance them as therapeutic targets. Seven NMDA receptor subunits exist that assemble into a diverse array of tetrameric receptor complexes, which are differently regulated, have distinct regional and developmental expression, and possess a wide range of functional and pharmacological properties. The diversity in subunit composition creates NMDA receptor subtypes with distinct physiological roles across neuronal cell types and brain regions, and enables precise tuning of synaptic transmission. Here, we will review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function, the diversity and significance of NMDA receptor subtypes in the CNS, as well as principles and rules by which NMDA receptors operate in the CNS under normal and pathological conditions.