Nanoparticle-based hollow microstructures formed by two-stage nematic nucleation and phase separation

Nanoparticle-based hollow microstructures formed by two-stage nematic nucleation and phase separation
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通过两阶段向列成核和相分离形成的纳米颗粒空心微结构

DOI:
10.1038/s41467-019-08702-3
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Hirst, Linda S.
Hirst, Linda S.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Riahinasab, Sheida T.;Keshavarz, Amir;Melton, Charles N.;Elbaradei, Ahmed;Warren, Gabrielle I.;Selinger, Robin L.;Stokes, Benjamin J.;Hirst, Linda S.

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将纳米颗粒快速组装成微观结构是具有挑战性的,但在控释、催化和传感方面的应用是非常理想的。我们报告了一种通过两阶段向列形成核过程形成空心微结构的方法,产生大小可调的闭孔泡沫、球形壳和由紧密排列的纳米颗粒组成的管状网络。介原修饰的纳米颗粒在向列各向同性转变温度(TNI)以上分散在液晶中。在通过TNI冷却时,纳米颗粒首先分离成缩小的各向同性畴,在那里它们局部降低了转变温度。进一步冷却后,向列畴在富含纳米粒子的各向同性畴内成核,驱动空心纳米粒子组装体的形成。结构分化受纳米粒子密度和冷却速率控制。卡恩-希利亚德对液晶相分离的模拟定性地证明,冷却速度对纳米颗粒在孤立区域内的划分有很大影响,这支持了冷却速度控制聚集体大小的实验观察。显微镜观察表明,内部孔洞的数量和大小受第二阶段成核控制。
Rapid bulk assembly of nanoparticles into microstructures is challenging, but highly desirable for applications in controlled release, catalysis, and sensing. We report a method to form hollow microstructures via a two-stage nematic nucleation process, generating size-tunable closed-cell foams, spherical shells, and tubular networks composed of closely packed nanoparticles. Mesogen-modified nanoparticles are dispersed in liquid crystal above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature (TNI). On cooling through TNI, nanoparticles first segregate into shrinking isotropic domains where they locally depress the transition temperature. On further cooling, nematic domains nucleate inside the nanoparticle-rich isotropic domains, driving formation of hollow nanoparticle assemblies. Structural differentiation is controlled by nanoparticle density and cooling rate. Cahn-Hilliard simulations of phase separation in liquid crystal demonstrate qualitatively that partitioning of nanoparticles into isolated domains is strongly affected by cooling rate, supporting experimental observations that cooling rate controls aggregate size. Microscopy suggests the number and size of internal voids is controlled by second-stage nucleation.
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