THE FLANKER COMPATIBILITY EFFECT AS A FUNCTION OF VISUAL ANGLE, ATTENTIONAL FOCUS, VISUAL TRANSIENTS, AND PERCEPTUAL LOAD - A SEARCH FOR BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS
THE FLANKER COMPATIBILITY EFFECT AS A FUNCTION OF VISUAL ANGLE, ATTENTIONAL FOCUS, VISUAL TRANSIENTS, AND PERCEPTUAL LOAD - A SEARCH FOR BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03214311
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发表时间：
1991-03-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
MILLER, J
中科院分区：
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作者：
MILLER, J
当受试者必须对相关的中心字母做出反应并忽略不相关的侧翼字母时，侧翼的身份会产生响应兼容性效应，表明它们至少在某种程度上得到了语义处理。 由于这种效应随着目标和侧翼之间的距离增加而减弱，因此该效应似乎是由于不完美的早期选择（衰减）造成的。 在本实验中，研究了集中注意范式的几个特征，以确定它们是否可能通过干扰早期选择机制的运行来产生侧翼兼容性效应。 具体来说，产生这种效果的原因可能是该范式要求受试者（1）专门注意非常小的视角内的刺激，（2）保持长期注意力集中在恒定的显示位置上，（3）将注意力集中在空的显示位置上，（4）从语义处理中排除起始瞬态侧翼，或（5）忽略贫乏视野中的一些少数刺激。 结果表明，无人值守刺激的语义处理不需要这些任务特征。 事实上，视角是唯一一个明显对侧翼兼容性效应大小有强烈影响的任务特征之一。 在这些条件下，侧翼兼容性效应的不变性表明，早期选择的机制很少（如果有的话）完全排除语义分析中无人参与的刺激。 此外，它表明选择性机制对可能影响它们的几个因素相对不敏感，从而支持了空间分离对于视觉选择性注意具有特殊地位的观点。
When subjects must respond to a relevant center letter and ignore irrelevant flanking letters, the identities of the flankers produce a response compatibility effect, indicating that they are processed semantically at least to some extent. Because this effect decreases as the separation between target and flankers increases, the effect appears to result from imperfect early selection (attenuation). In the present experiments, several features of the focused attention paradigm were examined, in order to determine whether they might produce the flanker compatibility effect by interfering with the operation of an early selective mechanism. Specifically, the effect might be produced because the paradigm requires subjects to (1) attend exclusively to stimuli within a very small visual angle, (2) maintain a long-term attentional focus on a constant display location, (3) focus attention on an empty display location, (4) exclude onset-transient flankers from semantic processing, or (5) ignore some of the few stimuli in an impoverished visual field. The results indicate that none of these task features is required for semantic processing of unattended stimuli to occur. In fact, visual angle is the only one of the task features that clearly has a strong influence on the size of the flanker compatibility effect. The invariance of the flanker compatibility effect across these conditions suggests that the mechanism for early selection rarely, if ever, completely excludes unattended stimuli from semantic analysis. In addition, it shows that selective mechanisms are relatively insensitive to several factors that might be expected to influence them, thereby supporting the view that spatial separation has a special status for visual selective attention.