An initial accuracy focus prevents illusory truth
An initial accuracy focus prevents illusory truth
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2019.104054
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Marsh, Elizabeth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brashier, Nadia M.;Eliseev, Emmaline Drew;Marsh, Elizabeth J.
新闻报道、广告活动和政治宣传经常重复误导性的说法，从而增加了它们的说服力。重复的陈述比新的陈述更容易处理，因此更真实。令人惊讶的是，这种虚幻的真理效应甚至在声称与年轻人储存的知识相矛盾时也会发生（例如，最快的陆地动物是豹，这使它更可信）。在四个实验中，我们通过促使人们表现得像“事实核查员”来解决这个问题。“专注于曝光的准确性（给出最初的真实评级）之后消除了错觉，但只有当参与者掌握相关知识时。这种选择性的好处持续了一段时间。我们的研究结果为人们如何评价真相提供了理论依据，并为应对“后真相世界”提出了实用策略。"
News stories, advertising campaigns, and political propaganda often repeat misleading claims, increasing their persuasive power. Repeated statements feel easier to process, and thus truer, than new ones. Surprisingly, this illusory truth effect occurs even when claims contradict young adults' stored knowledge (e.g., repeating The fastest land animal is the leopard makes it more believable). In four experiments, we tackled this problem by prompting people to behave like "fact checkers." Focusing on accuracy at exposure (giving initial truth ratings) wiped out the illusion later, but only when participants held relevant knowledge. This selective benefit persisted over a delay. Our findings inform theories of how people evaluate truth and suggest practical strategies for coping in a "post-truth world."