How SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spreads within infected hosts - what we know so far.
How SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) spreads within infected hosts - what we know so far.
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DOI：
10.1042/etls20200165
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发表时间：
2020-12-11
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Sanyal S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sanyal S
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）是2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）持续大流行的病原体，属于β冠状病毒属，与2003年出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）具有高度同源性。这些是高度传播和致病的病毒，很可能起源于蝙蝠。SARS-CoV-2使用与SARS-CoV相同的受体血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2），主要通过呼吸道传播。尽管目前正在进行几项疫苗开发试验，但对SARS-CoV-2病毒学的研究，以了解感染周期的基本生物学和COVID-19临床表现背后的相关免疫病理学，对于确定和合理设计有效疗法至关重要。本文综述了SARS-CoV-2如何在人类宿主中感染和传播，特别强调其生命周期，嗜性和免疫病理学特征的关键方面。
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), belongs to the betacoronavirus genus and shares high homology to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that emerged in 2003. These are highly transmissible and pathogenic viruses which very likely originated in bats. SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as SARS-CoV, and spreads primarily through the respiratory tract. Although several trials for vaccine development are currently underway, investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2 to understand the fundamental biology of the infectious cycle and the associated immunopathology underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are crucial for identification and rational design of effective therapies. This review provides an overview of how SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads within human hosts with specific emphasis on key aspects of its lifecycle, tropism and immunopathological features.