Probiotics, prebiotics and competitive exclusion for prophylaxis against bacterial disease
Probiotics, prebiotics and competitive exclusion for prophylaxis against bacterial disease
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DOI：
10.1017/s1466252308001540
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Nisbet, D. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Callaway, T. R.;Edrington, T. S.;Nisbet, D. J.
肠道微生物种群是一种复杂的自然资源，可用于减少影响动物生产和效率以及食品安全的病原菌的影响。已经设计了策略来减少农场阶段动物中食源性致病菌的数量。这些技术中的许多依赖于利用细菌的自然竞争性质来消除对动物生产或食品安全产生负面影响的病原体。因此，分类为益生菌、益生元和竞争性排斥培养物的饲料产品已被用作食用动物中的病原体减少策略，并取得了不同程度的成功。这些产品的功效通常是由于特定的微生物生态因素，这些因素改变了肠道微生物种群所经历的竞争压力。一些产品已被证明在田间条件下有效，许多产品在实验条件下显示出有效性，因此益生菌产品广泛用于所有动物物种和几乎所有生产系统。本综述探讨了这些产品对食用动物中发现的病原体的功效背后的生态学，包括那些进入食物链并影响人类消费者的病原体。
The microbial population of the intestinal tract is a complex natural resource that can be utilized in an effort to reduce the impact of pathogenic bacteria that affect animal production and efficiency, as well as the safety of food products. Strategies have been devised to reduce the populations of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in animals at the on-farm stage. Many of these techniques rely on harnessing the natural competitive nature of bacteria to eliminate pathogens that negatively impact animal production or food safety. Thus feed products that are classified as probiotics, prebiotics and competitive exclusion cultures have been utilized as pathogen reduction strategies in food animals with varying degrees of success. The efficacy of these products is often due to specific microbial ecological factors that alter the competitive pressures experienced by the microbial population of the gut. A few products have been shown to be effective under field conditions and many have shown indications of effectiveness under experimental conditions and as a result probiotic products are widely used in all animal species and nearly all production systems. This review explores the ecology behind the efficacy of these products against pathogens found in food animals, including those that enter the food chain and impact human consumers.