Pacific Island agrobiodiversity and ethnobiodiversity: A foundation for sustainable Pacific I0sland life
Pacific Island agrobiodiversity and ethnobiodiversity: A foundation for sustainable Pacific I0sland life
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太平洋岛屿农业生物多样性和民族生物多样性：太平洋岛屿可持续生活的基础
DOI：
10.1080/14888386.2008.9712895
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Thaman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Thaman
保护和可持续利用“农业生物多样性”和相关的“民族生物多样性”（与生物多样性的文化联系）是热带太平洋岛国粮食和生计安全以及可持续生活的最重要的先决条件之一。对于环礁等太平洋较小的“生物多样性“冷点”岛屿来说尤其如此，这些岛屿拥有地球上继承的最有限和最受威胁的陆地生物多样性，也是现代市场化发展的最少选择。岛屿就像方舟，大多数小岛屿国家的人民生活和国家发展都不得不依赖其有限的生物多样性遗产。这一遗产中最突出的是农业生物多样性，因为许多小岛屿几乎没有或根本没有真正的野生土地和天然森林。在这方面，农业生物多样性包括所有农业生态系统，包括农村和城市地区的相关休耕沙地保护区;这些生态系统中家养和野生生物的物种和遗传多样性;以及农业人种生物多样性----包括西方科学界在内的特定社会对农业生物多样性的知识、用途、信仰、管理系统、分类和语言。不幸的是，岛屿农业生物多样性遗产，包括相关的民族生物多样性，正在迅速受到侵蚀，原因是单一耕作、货币化和城市化的增加，以及主流生物多样性保护举措集中于地方性或魅力型本地生物、完整的陆地和海洋生态系统以及“物种生存”。尽管大多数文化上有用但受到高度威胁的生物多样性存在于永久和不断变化的农业土地使用系统的结构中。如果不能养护、丰富和可持续地利用岛屿农业生物多样性，其结果将是赤贫、粮食不安全以及营养和健康状况恶化，这是我们与世界上最贫穷的社会联系在一起的，在许多小岛屿发展中国家，这一趋势已经达到严重程度。
Abstract The conservation and sustainable use of “agrobiodiversity” and associated “ethnobiodiversity” (the cultural link with biodiversity) constitute one of the most important preconditions for food and subsistence security and sustainable living in the island states of the tropical Pacific Ocean. This is particularly true for the smaller “biodiversity “cool spot” islands of the Pacific, such as atolls, which have some of the most limited and highly threatened terrestrial biodiversity inheritances on Earth and the fewest options for modern market-oriented development. Islands are like arks and most small island nations have an obligate dependence on their limited biodiversity inheritances for the peoples' livelihood and the nation's development. Prominent among this inheritance is agrobiodiversity, as many small islands have little or no remaining truly wild land and natural forest. Agrobiodiversity, in this context, includes all agroecosystems, including associated fallow sand protected areas, in both rural and urban areas; species and genetic diversity of both domestic and wild organisms within these ecosystems; and agricultural ethnobiodiversity - the knowledge, uses, beliefs, management systems, taxonomies and language that a given society, including western scientific society, has for agricultural biodiversity. Unfortunately, island agrobiodiversity inheritances, including associated ethnobiodiversity, are being rapidly eroded because of increasing monoculture, monetization and urbanization, and because mainstream biodiversity conservation initiatives concentrate on endemic or charismatic native organisms, intact terrestrial and marine ecosystems and “species survival”. This is despite the fact that most culturally useful and highly threatened biodiversity is found within the fabric of permanent and shifting agricultural land use systems. The result of a failure to conserve, enrich and sustainably use island agrobiodiversity will be the abject poverty, food insecurity and nutritional and health deterioration that we associate with the world's most destitute societies, a trend already reaching serious proportions in many small island developing states.