NOTES ON A BREEDING SITE OF DROSOPHILA-AMERICANA NEAR ST-LOUIS, MISSOURI
NOTES ON A BREEDING SITE OF DROSOPHILA-AMERICANA NEAR ST-LOUIS, MISSOURI
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DOI：
10.1086/281764
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发表时间：
1953-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
ROMANO, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BLIGHT, WC;ROMANO, A
组成果蝇阳春组的物种之间的密切关系提供了一个长期以来被认为特别适合研究染色体进化的环境(Spencer，1940；Patterson，Stone and Griffen，1940；Patterson，1941；Hsu，1952)。到目前为止，对这些苍蝇的种群进行统计分析是不可能的，因为很难进行持续的大量收集。具体地说，在美国情结的案例中，超过50只苍蝇的个体收集很少被报道(Patterson，1942；Patterson and Wagner，1943)。对鲜为人知的Virilis组野生成员生态学的一个重要贡献是Spieth(1951)在明尼苏达州腐烂的杨木韧皮部发现了属于蒙大拿复合体苍蝇的蛹。为了对美洲果蝇复合体的苍蝇生态关系有一个类似的了解，一项关于美洲果蝇繁殖习性的新信息已经带来了新的信息。1951年夏天，在圣路易斯地区反复尝试收集美洲果蝇复合体的苍蝇，结果在任何给定的地区都捕获了少量苍蝇，尽管根据以前的线索，陷阱放置在靠近水的地方。在三个月的时间里，每次收集到的这些苍蝇的平均数量不到两只。总数不到50人。然而，10月5日、7日和10日，在密苏里州杰斐逊县的梅拉梅克河岸上摆放的九个装有发酵香蕉的杯子，产生了137只美式香蕉复合体。收集这些数据时记录的温度分别为23、12和140摄氏度。诱捕器要么直接悬浮在水面上方，要么距离水面不超过一英尺的距离，被挂在一片柳林中，后来被埃德加·安德森博士确认为沙洲柳树(沙柳内部)。柳树在河岸两旁排成一条不超过50英尺宽的窄带，长达300到400码。从1951年6月中旬到7月下旬，该地区完全被一场旷日持久的洪水淹没，岸上覆盖着5至6英寸的软泥，除了主要是沙柳内部的树木外，几乎没有其他植被。在10月5日的收集活动之后，对可能的繁殖地点进行了调查。从柳树内部直径约4英寸的树桩上剥离的树皮揭示了五只类似果蝇的幼虫的存在。从树桩上长出的嫩芽表明，至少树桩的底部还活着。在琼脂-玉米粉培养基上，幼虫在24小时内化蛹，所有5只幼虫在羽化后都被鉴定为属于美国复合体。后备箱和
The close relationships of the species comprising the virilis group of Drosophila provide a situation which has been long recognized as especially suitable for the study of chromosomal evolution (Spencer, 1940; Patterson, Stone and Griffen, 1940; Patterson, 1941; Hsu, 1952). Thus far statistical analysis of populations of these flies has not been possible due to the difficulty of making consistently large collections. Specifically, in the case of the americana complex, individual collections of more than fifty flies have been only rarely reported (Patterson, 1942; Patterson and Wagner, 1943). An important contribution to the little-known ecology of wild members of the virilis group was the discovery by Spieth (1951) of pupae belonging to flies of the montana complex in the rotting phloem of aspen logs (Populus tremuloides) in Minnesota. An effort to gain a comparable understanding of the ecological relationships of flies of the americana complex has brought new information on the breeding habits of D. americana, Repeated attempts to collect flies of the Drosophila americana complex in the St. Louis area during the summer of 1951 resulted in small numbers being taken in any given region despite the fact that, following previous leads, the traps were placed close to water. Over a three-month period the average number of these flies recovered per collection was less than two. The grand total numbered less than fifty. On October 5, 7 and 10, however, a series of nine cups containing fermented banana placed along the bank of the Meramec River in Jefferson County, Missouri, yielded 137 flies of the americana complex. Temperatures recorded at the time of these collections were 23, 12 and 140 C. respectively. The traps were suspended either immediately above the surface of the water or at a distance not greater than one foot from the water's edge in a grove of willows later identified by Dr. Edgar Anderson as sandbar willow (Salix interior). The willows lined the river bank for a distance of 300 to 400 yards in a narrow band not over 50 feet in width. As from mid-June until late-July, 1951, the area had been completely inundated by a prolonged flood, the bank was covered with five to six inches of soft mud and there was almost no vegetation other than the trees which were principally Salix interior. Following the collecting activities on October 5th, an investigation of possible breeding sites was undertaken. Bark stripped from a stump of Salix interior approximately four inches in diameter revealed the presence of five Drosophila-like larvae. Shoots emerging from the stump indicated that at least the base of the stump was living. Placed on agar-cornmeal medium, the larvae pupated within 24 hours and all five were identified after emergence as belonging to the americana complex. The trunks and