Consequences of chronic ketamine self-administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1-year longitudinal study
Consequences of chronic ketamine self-administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1-year longitudinal study
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02761.x
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Curran, H. Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan, Celia J. A.;Muetzelfeldt, Leslie;Curran, H. Valerie
背景：“娱乐性”使用氯胺酮正在年轻人中迅速传播。在健康人中，急性剂量的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂氯胺酮可引起明显的精神病样反应和认知障碍，但对该药物的长期影响知之甚少。目的评估该药物的长期神经精神或认知后果。方法对150名健康人进行评估，每组30人：经常使用氯胺酮、不频繁使用氯胺酮、戒毒、多药对照和不使用非法药物。12个月后，80%的受试者进行了复测。在这组人中，一年来氯胺酮使用量的增加与空间工作记忆和模式识别记忆任务表现的下降相关。心理健康评估显示，频繁使用者的分离性症状更严重，妄想症状存在剂量-反应效应，经常使用者的得分分别高于不频繁使用者、禁欲使用者和非使用者。在12个月中，经常吸食和戒除吸食氯胺酮的人群抑郁得分均有所增加。结论大量吸食氯胺酮对认知功能和心理健康都有一定的损害作用。健康教育活动需要提高年轻人和临床医生对使用氯胺酮的这些负面后果的认识。
Background'Recreational' use of ketamine is spreading rapidly among young people. In healthy individuals an acute dose of the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine induces marked psychosis-like effects and cognitive impairments, but little is known about the long-term effects of the drug.AimsTo evaluate the long-term neuropsychiatric or cognitive consequences.MethodsA total of 150 individuals were assessed, 30 in each of five groups: frequent ketamine users, infrequent ketamine users, abstinent users, polydrug controls and non-users of illicit drugs. Twelve months later, 80% of these individuals were re-tested.ResultsCognitive deficits were mainly observed only in frequent users. In this group, increasing ketamine use over the year was correlated with decreasing performance on spatial working memory and pattern recognition memory tasks. Assessments of psychological wellbeing showed greater dissociative symptoms in frequent users and a dose-response effect on delusional symptoms, with frequent users scoring higher than infrequent, abstinent users and non-users, respectively. Both frequent and abstinent using groups showed increased depression scores over the 12 months.ConclusionsThese findings imply that heavy use of ketamine is harmful to aspects of both cognitive function and psychological wellbeing. Health education campaigns need to raise awareness among young people and clinicians about these negative consequences of ketamine use.