Koineization and cake baking: Reflections on methods in dialect contact research
Koineization and cake baking: Reflections on methods in dialect contact research
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共通化与蛋糕烘焙：方言接触研究方法的思考
DOI：
10.1515/9783110275681.219
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Britain
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Britain
社会语言学中的方言接触研究范式考察了同一语言的不同变体之间的冲突的语言结果。1这一范式在Trudgill(1986)的《接触中的方言》一书出版后获得了发展势头，这本书综述了迄今为止关于这一主题的相当分散的文献，提出了关于接触的新的案例研究，最重要的是，总结了一系列所有或大多数形式的接触所共有的结果。他认为，在方言接触的情况下，不同方言的说话人之间的互动会导致常规的语言适应和趋同，如果持续较长一段时间，可能会导致说话人的语言行为发生永久性的微妙变化。出生在这样的社区中的孩子获得了这些趋同的语言系统，如果社会环境合适，他们会继续趋同，最终导致社区范围内出现一个集中的新方言，取代原来的L。鉴于语言-方言区分的站不住脚，当然，方言接触和语言接触研究之间存在着相当模糊的边界。然而，使用不同的术语和方法，对每一种方法的研究基本上都是独立进行的。在这里，我只关注截然不同但在类型学上非常相似的品种之间的联系。品种之间的这种联系已经在许多不同的背景下进行了审查，我将在这里反思其中的一些。一方面，方言接触研究考察了非常短期接触的后果，比如我们在商店里遇到的那种服务接触，或者其他短暂的、短暂的接触。另一方面，它考察了长期接触的后果，这是由于说同一语言的不同方言的人进行了长距离的大规模迁移。它考察了一位旅行社和她的客户在马略卡岛购买度假(Coupland 1984)之间的联系-语言住宿-以及19世纪数十万在新西兰的英国和爱尔兰定居者之间的联系，他们形成了第一个讲英语的语言交流-
The dialect contact paradigm of research in – mostly variationist – sociolinguistics examines the linguistic outcomes of the clash of distinct varieties of the same language.1 This paradigm gained momentum after the publication of Trudgill’s (1986) book Dialects in Contact, which surveyed the rather dispersed literature on the topic up to that date, presented new case studies of contact, and, most importantly, synthesized a set of outcomes common to all or most forms of contact of this kind. He argued that in dialect contact situations, interaction between speakers of different dialects causes routine linguistic accommodation and convergence, which, if sustained over a longer period, could lead to permanent subtle changes in a speaker’s linguistic behaviour. Children born into such communities acquire these converging linguistic systems and, if social circumstances are right, continue to converge them, eventually leading to the communitywide emergence of a focussed new dialect in place of the original mêlée. Given the untenability of the language-dialect distinction, there is, of course, a rather fuzzy boundary between dialect contact and language contact research. The study of each has largely progressed independently, however, using different terminologies and methodologies. Here I focus solely on the contact of distinct, but nevertheless typologically very similar varieties. This contact between varieties has been examined in a number of different contexts and I will reflect on a number of these here. On the one hand, dialect contact research examines the consequences of very short term contact, such as of the kind that we engage in in service encounters in shops or other brief, fleeting encounters. On the other, it examines the consequences of the long-term contact that results from long-distance mass migrations of speakers of different dialects of the same language. It examines the contact between a travel agent and her customer buying a holiday in Majorca (Coupland 1984) – linguistic accommodation – as well as the contact between the hundreds of thousands of British and Irish settlers of New Zealand in the 19th century who formed the first Anglophone speech commu-