Exosomes: A Role for Naturally Occurring Nanovesicles in Cancer Growth, Diagnosis and Treatment
Exosomes: A Role for Naturally Occurring Nanovesicles in Cancer Growth, Diagnosis and Treatment
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DOI：
10.2174/1566523214666141224100612
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ramesh, Rajagopal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Srivastava, Akhil;Filant, Justyna;Ramesh, Rajagopal
外泌体是从几乎所有类型的细胞分泌到细胞外间隙中的30 - 100 nm体。它们在其管腔中以信使RNA（mRNA）、微小RNA（miRNA）、DNA和活性肽的形式包含活性遗传信息，这些活性肽代表亲本细胞并且可以从不同体液中分离。外泌体可以通过将分子运输到其靶细胞来参与细胞间通讯。因为它们可以稳定地携带包括miRNA、mRNA和蛋白质在内的货物，并且可以通过严格的生物屏障（例如，血脑屏障）而不引发免疫应答，因此它们被认为是用于药物递送的理想的非细胞载体。在这篇综述中，我们描述了外泌体的结构和生物起源以及与其在疾病（特别是癌症）诊断和治疗中的作用相关的新方向。我们还讨论了与外泌体相关的潜在挑战，这些挑战应该在基于外泌体的治疗应用于临床环境之前得到解决。
Exosomes are 30 - 100 nm bodies secreted from almost all types of cells into the extracellular spaces. They enclose in their lumen active genetic information in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), DNA and active peptides that are representative of the parental cell and can be isolated from different body fluids. Exosomes can participate in inter-cellular communication by trafficking molecules to their target cells. Because they can stably carry cargo including miRNA, mRNA, and proteins and can pass through stringent biological barriers (e.g., blood brain barrier) without eliciting an immune response, they are considered as an ideal acellular vehicle for drug delivery. In this review, we describe the structure and biogenesis of exosomes and new directions related to their role in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially for cancer. We also discuss potential challenges associated with exosomes that should be addressed before exosome-based therapy can be applied to clinical settings.