Epigenetics: The origins and evolution of a fashionable topic
Epigenetics: The origins and evolution of a fashionable topic
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.005
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Deichmann, Ute
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deichmann, Ute
胚胎学家Conrad Waddington于1942年引入了“表观遗传学”一词，他将其与17世纪的“表观遗传学”概念联系起来，将其定义为基因型和表型之间的发育过程的复杂性。虽然在随后的几年里，这些过程，特别是基因调控，不是在表观遗传学的框架内，而是在遗传学的框架内得到解决，但被称为“表观遗传学”的研究只是在21世纪世纪才蓬勃发展。然后，它包括对染色质修饰的研究，即DNA或DNA周围的组蛋白质的化学修饰，而不改变碱基序列。这种上升伴随着影响深远的主张，如表观遗传学提供了一种“拉马克”遗传机制。本文重点介绍了表观遗传学的起源、表观遗传学研究的主要阶段以及该术语含义的变化。这也让人们对伴随着表观遗传学兴起的一些影响深远的说法产生了质疑。(C)2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The term "epigenetics" was introduced in 1942 by embryologist Conrad Waddington, who, relating it to the 17th century concept of "epigenesis", defined it as the complex of developmental processes between the genotype and phenotype. While in the years that followed, these processes in particular gene regulation - were tackled, not in the frame of epigenetics but of genetics, research labelled "epigenetics" rose strongly only in the 21st century. Then it consisted of research on chromatin modifications, i.e. chemical modifications of DNA or histone proteins around DNA that do not change the base sequence. This rise was accompanied by far-reaching claims, such as that epigenetics provides a mechanism for "Lamarckian" inheritance. This article highlights the origin of epigenetics, the major phases of epigenetic research, and the changes in the meaning of the term. It also calls into question some of the far-reaching claims that have accompanied the recent rise of epigenetics. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.